Interventional effect of hesperetin on N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced exosomal circ008274 in affecting normal cells to promote gastric carcinogenesis

Figure 3 Exosomes derived from TGES-1 cells promoted GES-1 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. A: Transmission electron microscopy detected exosome morphology; B: Nanoparticle tracking analysis detected exosome particle size; C: Exosomal surface protein expression was characterized by Western blotting; D: 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole blue fluorescence labeling of nuclei, Dil red fluorescence labeling of exosomes, and confocal microscopy showed that exosomes were taken up by GES-1 cells; E: Cell Counting Kit-8 detection of proliferative capacity of exosomes derived from TGES-1 cells (TGES-1-EX) after action on GES-1 cells; F: Clonogenic capacity of TGES-1-EX after action on GES-1 cells; G: Migration invasion ability of TGES-1-EX after action on GES-1 cells; H: Proliferative capacity after hesperetin-pretreated TGES-1-EX action on GES-1 cells; I: Clonogenic capacity of TGES-1 cells pretreated with hesperetin after action on GES-1 cells; J: Invasion and migration ability of GES-1 cells after treatment with exosomes; K: Protein levels of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness, and proliferative markers; L: mRNA expression of EMT, stemness, and proliferative markers. ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. ^dP < 0.0001. GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; MNNG: N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine; OD: Optical density.