Rhapontin activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 to ameliorate 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease mice

Figure 2 Rhapontin ameliorates 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced motor and gastrointestinal dysfunction of Parkinson's disease mice. A: Representative traces of the open field test; B: Distance of the open field test; C: Time to descend of pole test; D: Fecal pellets of each group at 15 minutes; E: Fecal moisture percentage of each group; n = 10. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; M: MPTP; R: Rhapontin; ML: ML385.