Treatment patterns and survival outcomes in patients with non-metastatic early-onset pancreatic cancer

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival

Characteristics	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value
Sex
Male	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
Female	0.74 (0.53-1.05)	0.089	N/A	N/A
Age (yr)
≥ 45	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
< 45	0.82 (0.60-1.12)	0.217	N/A	N/A
Site
Body and tail	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
Head	0.83 (0.60-1.15)	0.271	N/A	N/A
Baseline CA19-9 in U/mL
> 150	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
≤ 150	0.62 (0.44-0.87)	0.005a	0.67 (0.48-0.95)	0.025a
Unknown	1.05 (0.66-1.66)	0.841	1.17 (0.72-1.91)	0.532
Pathology grade
Well and moderate	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
Poor	1.62 (1.15-2.28)	0.006a	1.56 (1.08-2.26)	0.017a
Unknown	1.45 (0.96-2.19)	0.076	0.94 (0.52-1.70)	0.834
T-stage
1	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
2	1.40 (0.82-2.39)	0.220	1.38 (0.80-2.39)	0.252
3	1.88 (1.06-3.36)	0.031a	2.17 (1.18-3.98)	0.012a
4	1.78 (0.99-3.20)	0.053a	1.35 (0.67-2.72)	0.400
X	2.45 (0.56-10.72)	0.234	2.35 (0.50-11.10)	0.282
N-stage
0	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
1-2	1.85 (1.36-2.51)	< 0.001a	1.88 (1.36-2.60)	< 0.001a
Clinical stage
Localized	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
Locally advanced	1.34 (0.93-1.92)	0.117	N/A	N/A
Resection
No	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
Yes	0.62 (0.44-0.89)	0.009a	0.52 (0.29-0.93)	0.027a
Chemotherapy
No	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
Yes	1.02 (0.74-1.41)	0.916	N/A	N/A
Radiotherapy
No	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
Yes	0.81 (0.57-1.14)	0.223	N/A	N/A
Immunotherapy
No	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
Yes	1.01 (0.73-1.40)	0.959	N/A	N/A
Targeted therapy
No	Reference	N/A	N/A	N/A
Yes	0.85 (0.59-1.23)	0.385	N/A	N/A

^aP < 0.05.

CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; N/A: Not applicable.