Predictive value of presepsin and acylcarnitines for severity and biliary drainage in acute cholangitis

Table 2 Biomarkers according to severity grading of acute cholangitis

Biomarkers	All cases (n = 280)	Mild (n = 65)	Moderate (n = 84)	Severe (n = 131)	P value
Presepsin (pg/mL)	1864.00 (1169.75, 2765.75)	1053.00 (576.50, 1505.50)	1634.00 (1103.00, 2325.75)	2536.00 (1812.00, 3730.00)	< 0.001
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)	11.32 (2.10, 40.53)	3.57 (0.64, 10.87)	10.70 (1.48, 31.00)	27.43 (4.76, 54.32)	< 0.001
CRP (mg/L)	83.71 (44.23, 153.29)	48.02 (17.00, 103.48)	80.76 (48.39, 143.91)	107.00 (61.18, 174.12)	< 0.001
Acylcarnitines (μmol/L)
C0	28.54 (19.60, 38.65)	25.39 (18.72, 32.47)	29.65 (19.96, 38.38)	30.00 (21.19, 40.64)	0.042
C2	9.64 (6.16, 14.01)	8.35 (5.23, 12.29)	9.44 (6.67, 12.53)	10.32 (6.43, 15.30)	0.016
C3	0.38 (0.26, 0.60)	0.31 (0.21,0.43)	0.35 (0.26, 0.53)	0.46 (0.29, 0.71)	< 0.001
C4	0.09 (0.06, 0.16)	0.08 (0.06, 0.12)	0.09 (0.05, 0.13)	0.10 (0.07, 0.19)	0.003
C5	0.11 (0.07, 0.18)	0.08 (0.06, 0.18)	0.09 (0.06, 0.14)	0.14 (0.08, 0.24)	< 0.001
C6	0.11 (0.07,0.15)	0.08 (0.06, 0.14)	0.10 (0.06, 0.13)	0.13 (0.08, 0.20)	< 0.001
C8	0.13 (0.10, 0.22)	0.12 (0.08, 0.19)	0.13 (0.10, 0.20)	0.14 (0.11, 0.23)	0.037
C12	0.09 (0.04, 0.18)	0.14 (0.07, 0.28)	0.09 (0.04, 0.17)	0.08 (0.03, 0.13)	< 0.001
C12:1	0.05 (0.03, 0.08)	0.06 (0.04, 0.10)	0.05 (0.03, 0.09)	0.04 (0.02, 0.07)	0.001
C12DC	0.0005 (0.0004, 0.0008)	0.0006 (0.0005, 0.0009)	0.0005 (0.0004, 0.0009)	0.0004 (0.0003, 0.0007)	0.041
C13	0.03 (0.02, 0.07)	0.04 (0.03, 0.07)	0.03 (0.02, 0.08)	0.02 (0.01, 0.05)	0.008
C14	0.02 (0.01, 0.03)	0.03 (0.02, 0.04)	0.02 (0.01, 0.03)	0.02 (0.01, 0.03)	0.001
C14:1	0.09 (0.04, 0.16)	0.16 (0.07, 0.31)	0.09 (0.05, 0.13)	0.06 (0.03, 0.11)	< 0.001
C14:2	0.07 (0.03, 0.14)	0.12 (0.05, 0.22)	0.06 (0.03, 0.13)	0.05 (0.02, 0.10)	< 0.001
C16	0.10 (0.06, 0.15)	0.12 (0.08, 0.17)	0.10 (0.06, 0.14)	0.09 (0.05, 0.13)	0.003
C16:1	0.06 (0.03, 0.12)	0.10 (0.05, 0.16)	0.05 (0.03, 0.10)	0.05 (0.02, 0.12)	0.003
C16:2	0.02 (0.002, 0.06)	0.04 (0.01, 0.09)	0.01 (0.002, 0.05)	0.02 (0.002, 0.05)	0.006
C18:2	0.13 (0.07, 0.21)	0.16 (0.09, 0.24)	0.12 (0.07, 0.18)	0.11 (0.05, 0.22)	0.014
C18 OH	0.0004 (0.0002, 0.0009)	0.004 (0.003, 0.0013)	0.0006 (0.0002, 0.0010)	0.0004 (0.0002, 0.0007)	0.035
C20	0.0010 (0.0004, 0.0018)	0.0013 (0.0009, 0.0029)	0.0013 (0.0005, 0.0020)	0.0007 (0.0003, 0.0014)	0.001
C20:4	0.0013 (0.0007, 0.0023)	0.0018 (0.0009, 0.0021)	0.0018 (0.0008, 0.0037)	0.0012 (0.0005, 0.0020)	0.024
C22	0.0009 (0.0003, 0.0015)	0.0011 (0.0006, 0.0023)	0.0010 (0.0003, 0.0018)	0.0006 (0.0002, 0.0014)	0.009

Data expressed as median (P₂₅, P₇₅). CRP: C-reactive protein; C0: DL-Carnitine; C2: Acetyl-L-carnitine; C3: Propionyl-L-carnitine; C4: Butyryl-L-carnitine; C5: Valeryl-L-carnitine; C6: Hexenoyl-L-carnitine; C8: Octanoyl-L-carnitine; C12: Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine; C12:1: Dodecenoyl-L-carnitine; C12DC: Dodecanedioyl-L-carnitine; C13: Tridecanoyl-L-carnitine; C14: Tetradecanoyl-L-carnitine; C14:1: Tetradecenoyl-L-carnitine; C14:2: Tetradecadienyl-L-carnitine; C16: Hexadecanoyl-L-carnitine; C16:1: Hexadecenoyl-L-carnitine; C16:2: Hexadecadienyl-L-carnitine; C18:2: Octadecadienyl-L-carnitine; C18OH: Hydroxyoctadecanoyl-L-carnitine; C20: Icosyl-L-carnitine; C20:4: Arachidonoyl-L-carnitine; C22: Behenoyl-L-carnitine.