Emerging role of non-invasive and liquid biopsy biomarkers in pancreatic cancer

Table 3 Cell-free RNA involved in pancreatic cancer diagnostic and prognostics

Target candidate	Up/down	Sample	Target	Pathway	Potential value
ERBB2	Up	Plasma	Ch 12, KRAS	Mutation	D
CDKN2A	Down	Plasma	Gene, Ch 9p21	Mutation	D
SMAD4	Down	Plasma	TGFβ	Cell signaling	D
TP53	Down	Plasma	P53 protein	Mutation/cell signaling	D
EGFR	Up	Plasma	Exon 19, 21	Cell signaling/mutation	D
PBRM1	Down	Plasma	SWI/SNF ch remodeling comp	Mutation, immune checkpoint blockade	D
KMT2D	Down	Plasma	FOX1-miR-1224, HIF/GATA5-miR-133a	Mutation	D
RNF43	Down	Plasma	RNF43PROTEIN	Wnt signaling	D
TP63	Down	Plasma	P63 protein	Cell signaling	D
MTOR	Up	Plasma	mTOR	mTOR signaling	D
NRAS	Up	Plasma	NRAS	Mutation	D
HRAS	Up	Plasma	HRAS	Mutation	D
BRCA1	Down	Plasma	BRCA1	Signaling	D
BRCA2	Down	Plasma	BRCA2	Signaling	D
PALB2	Up	Plasma	PALB2	Signaling/mutation	D
GPC1	Up	Serum	MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Hedgehog signaling	Cell signaling	D
PFAA	Up	Serum	MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Hedgehog signaling	Cell signaling	D
OPNT+TIMP-1	Up	Serum	MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, signaling	Cell signaling	D
CPA4	Up	Serum	MAPK, mTOR, Hedgehog signaling	Cell signaling	D
MUC5 AC	Up	Urine/pancreatic juice	MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Hedgehog signaling	Cell signaling	D/P
C4BPA	Up	Serum	MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Hedgehog signaling	Cell signaling	D
OPN	Up	Serum	OPN	Cell signaling	P
TIMP-1	Up	Serum	TIMP-1	Cell signaling	D
NGAL	Up	Urine	Receptor binding protein	Cell signaling	D
ARG2	Down	Pancreatic juice	Beta cell function	Cell signaling	D
LYVE-1	Up	Urine	Receptor binding glycoprotein		D
TFF1	Up	Urine	Regulation of transcription factor	Promoter modeling	D
REG1A	Up	Urine	REG1A protein	Cell signaling	D

NGAL: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; miR: MicroRNA; D: Diagnostic; P: Prognostic.