Emerging role of non-invasive and liquid biopsy biomarkers in pancreatic cancer

Table 2 Cell free protein (secreted proteome) involved in pancreatic cancer diagnostic and prognostics

Target candidate	Up/down	Sample	Target	Pathway	Potential value
ADAMTS1	Up	Plasma	ADAMTS1	Methylation	D
BNC1	Up	Plasma	BNC1	Methylation	D
CDKN1C	Up	Plasma	CDKN1C	Methylation	D
MLH1	Down	Plasma	MLH1	Mutation	D
PGR (prox)	Up	Plasma	PGR	Cell signaling	D
SYK	Up	Plasma	SYK protein, mRNA	Cell signaling	D
CCND2	Up	Plasma	Cyclin D2	Cell signaling	D
ALX4	Up	Plasma	Transcription factor	Mutation	P
APC	Down	Plasma	APC	Mutation	P
BMP3	Up	Plasma	TGFβ	Cell signaling	P
BNC1	Up	Plasma	BNC1	Cell signaling	P
BRCA1	Up	Plasma	BRCA1	Mutation	P
CDKN2B	Up	Plasma	Ink4, p16, p14	Cell signaling	P
CHFR	Up	Plasma	E3 Ubiquitin-protein	Cell signaling, check point	P
ESR1	Up	Plasma	ESR1, Transcription factor	Cell signaling	P
EYA2	Up	Plasma	EYA2	Cell cycle	P
GSTP1	Up	Plasma	GSTP1	Cell signaling	P
HIC1	Up	Plasma	HIC ZBTB TRANSCRIPTIONAL RECEPTOR 1	Cell signaling	P
MEST1v2	Up	Plasma	Alpha/Beta hydrolase superfamily	Cell signaling	P
Foxe1	Down	Pancreatic juice	Foxe1	Methylation	D
MGMT	Up	Plasma	MGMT	Methylation	P
MLH1	Up	Plasma	MLH1	Mutation	P
NPTX2	Up	Pancreatic juice	NP, synaptic proteins	Cell signaling	P
NEUROG1	Up	Plasma	NEUROG1	Cell signaling, regulatory network	P
RARB	Up	Plasma	RARB	Cell signaling	P
RASSF1A	Down	Plasma	RAS effector protein	Methylation	P
SFRP2	Up	Plasma	SFRP2	Wnt signaling	P
SEPT9v2	Up	Plasma	Septin9	Cell cycle	P
CDID	Up	Pancreatic juice	CDID	Methylation	D
PRKC	Up	Pancreatic juice	PRKC	Methylation	D
IKZF1	Up	Pancreatic juice	IKZF1	Methylation	D
KCNK12	Up	Pancreatic juice	KCNK12	Methylation	D
CLEC11A	Up	Pancreatic juice	CLEC11A	Methylation	D/P
NDRG4	Up	Pancreatic juice	NDRG4 promoter	Methylation	D
SST	Up	Plasma	SST	Downstream signaling, transcriptional regulation	P
TFPI2	Up	Pancreatic juice	TFPI2	Gene silencing, cell adhesion plasmin signaling	P
TAC1	Up	Plasma	TAC1	Gpcr downstream, signal transduction	P
VIM	Up	Plasma	Vimentin	Cell signaling	P
WNT5A	Up	Plasma	WNT5A	Wnt signaling	P
PENK	Up	Pancreatic juice	Proenkephalin	Apoptotic, downstream signaling
DCC	Down	Plasma	Netrin-1 Receptor	Mutation	D
P16	Down	Pancreatic juice	CDKN2A	Mutation, cell cycle regulation	D
P14	Down	Plasma	CDKN2A	Cell cycle	D
DNMT1	Up	Plasma	DNMT1	Mutation	D
DNMT3A	Up	Plasma	DNMT3A	Methylation	D
DNMT3B	Up	Plasma	DNA	Methylation	D

D: Diagnostic; P: Prognostic.