Gut microbiome therapeutic modulation to alleviate drug-induced hepatic damage in COVID-19 patients

Figure 1 Potential causes of liver injury during coronavirus disease 2019. Following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, liver injury may arise due to direct viral entry [via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on hepatocytes] or gut microbial dysbiosis leading to cytokine storm in the liver. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CD4+: Cluster of differentiation; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; SCFA: Short-chain fatty acids.