Clinical diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer: Markers, molecular mechanisms, and treatment options

Table 3 Completed clinical trials with results for pancreatic cancer treatment

Trial number	Phase	Treatment	Condition
NCT01373164	1b/2	Galunisertib, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor, or placebo plus gemcitabine	Unresectable PC
NCT01423604	2	Ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor or placebo plus capecitabine	PC
NCT00965718	2	Activated T lymphocyte (ex vivo-expanded, CIK cells cultured with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and IL-2)	PC
NCT01204372	2	Gemcitabine, trastuzumab plus erlotinib	Metastatic PC
CONKO-005	3	Erlotinib (inhibits the intracellular phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase associated with the EGFR) or placebo plus gemcitabine	Primarily resectable PDAC after R0 resection
NCT02923921	3	Pegilodecakin (a pegylated recombinant human IL-10) plus folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin	Metastatic PDAC
NCT01494506	3	Liposomal irinotecan (it prevents the religation of the DNA strand by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex.) or placebo plus 5-FU/LV	Metastatic PC
NCT01214720	3	Bevacizumab that acts by selectively binding circulating VEGF, thereby inhibiting the binding of VEGF to its cell surface receptors plus chemotherapy	Metastatic PC
NCT00428597	3	Sunitinib, an inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases	Metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
NCT01525550	4

5-FU/LV: 5-Fluorouracil/leucovorin; CIK: Cytokine-induced killer; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; IL: Interleukin; PC: Pancreatic cancer; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor beta; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor.