Previous hepatitis B viral infection–an underestimated cause of pancreatic cancer

Figure 2 Immunohistochemistry of resected pancreatic tumor tissues (obtained during surgery). Case: Anti-HBc-positive patient with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Control: Patient with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, who was negative for hepatitis B virus biomarkers. A: Images at magnification × 10; B: Images at magnification × 100. Samples were stained for Ki-67 protein (green fluorescence) and X antigen of hepatitis B virus of (HBxAg) (red fluorescence). Cell nuclei were counterstained by Hoechst33342 dye (blue). Asterisks indicate HBxAg/Ki-67 co-stained cells.