Exosomal glypican-1 is elevated in pancreatic cancer precursors and can signal genetic predisposition in the absence of endoscopic ultrasound abnormalities

Table 4 Clinical-pathological findings, treatment and follow-up of the study population, n = 88

	MCL, n = 40	HR, n = 20	NLOD, n = 20	CG, n = 8	Total, n = 88
PA in EUS
No	0 (0.0)	18 (90.0)	13 (65.0)	8 (100.0)	39 (44.3)
Yes	40 (100.0)	2 (10.0)	7 (35.0)	0 (0.0)	49 (55.7)
Type of PA
Cystic lesions	40 (100.0)	2 (100.0)	2 (28.6)	-	44 (89.8)
CP-like parenchymal changes	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (28.6)	-	2 (4.1)
Solid lesions	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	-	0 (0.0)
Lipomatous transformation	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	3 (42.8)	-	3 (6.1)
PA with HRS / WF
No	20 (50.0)	2 (100.0)	7 (100.0)	-	29 (59.2)
Yes	20 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	-	20 (40.8)
EUS FNA/B
No	5 (12.5)	20 (100.0)	20 (100)	8 (100)	53 (60.2)
Yes	35 (87.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	35 (39.8)
Inconclusive	13 (37.1)	-	-	-	13 (37.1)
Benign	19 (54.3)	-	-	-	19 (54.3)
Malignant	3 (8.6)1	-	-	-	3 (8.6)1
Surgery
No	25 (62.5)	20 (100)	20 (100)	8 (100)	73 (83.0)
Yes	15 (37.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	15 (17.0)
Benign/Malignant	12 (80.0)/3 (20.0)	-/-	-/-	-/-	12 (80.0)/3 (20.0)
F-up in mo	33.3 ± 12.8	34.9 ± 7.1	27.7 ± 4.7	36.1 ± 5.1	32.6 ± 10.0
Cancer detection during F-up	1 (2.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.1)
Mortality	5 (12.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	5 (5.7)

Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD.

¹One of 3 patients with malignant cytology was diagnosed during follow-up.

CG: Control group; CP: Chronic pancreatitis; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; FNA/B: Fine needle aspiration/biopsy; F-up: Follow up; HR: Hereditary risk; HRS: High risk stigmata; MCL: Mucinous cystic lesion; NLOD: New-late onset diabetes mellitus; NS: Non-significant; PA: Pancreatic abnormality; WF: Worrisome features.