Exosomal glypican-1 is elevated in pancreatic cancer precursors and can signal genetic predisposition in the absence of endoscopic ultrasound abnormalities

Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics of the study population, n = 88

Cohort characteristics	MCL, n = 40	HR, n = 20	NLOD, n = 20	CG, n = 8	Total, n = 88	P value
Sex						NS
Male	14 (35.0)	9 (45.0)	9 (45.0)	2 (25.0)	34 (38.6)
Female	26 (65.0)	11 (55.0)	11 (55.0)	6 (75.0)	54 (61.4)
Age in yr	67.2 ± 8.9	48.7 ± 10.8	60.8 ± 7.4	53.8 ± 18.7	60.3 ± 12.6	< 0.001
BMI in kg/m2	24.9 ± 3.8	24.2 ± 3.9	29.9 ± 4.5	25.0 ± 4.0	25.9 ± 4.5	< 0.001
Smoking habits						NS
Never	27 (67.5)	13 (65.0)	12 (60.0)	7 (87.5)	59 (67.1)
Ex-smoker, > 5 yr	8 (20.0)	4 (20.0)	7 (35.0)	1 (12.5)	20 (22.7)
Active	5 (12.5)	3 (15.0)	1 (5.0)	0 (0.0)	9 (10.2)
Alcohol habits						NS
No	22 (55.0)	11 (55.0)	10 (50.0)	7 (87.5)	50 (56.8)
Yes	18 (45.0)	9 (45.0)	10 (50.0)	1 (12.5)	38 (43.2)
Family history of PDAC						< 0.001
No	34 (85.0)	7 (35.0)	18 (90.0)	8 (100.0)	67 (76.1)
Yes	6 (15.0)	13 (65.0)	2 (10.0)	0 (0.0)	21 (23.9)

Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. BMI: Body mass index; CG: Control group; HR: Hereditary risk; MCL: Mucinous cystic lesion; NLOD: New-late onset diabetes mellitus; NS: Non-significant; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; SD: Standard deviation.