Altered gut microbiota patterns in COVID-19: Markers for inflammation and disease severity

Table 2 Fecal viral shedding in coronavirus disease 2019 patients

SI. No.	Total number of human subjects in study	Demographics of the study populations	Gastrointestinal symptoms	Confirmed cases of fecal shedding	Remarks/study summary	Ref.
1	205	Patients (mean age of 44 years) were hospitalised, Chinese without any comorbidities	No symptoms	44	Evidence-based study for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2 virus and its possible fecal-oral transmission route in humans	[131]
2	73	Different age group (10 mo to 78 years old), hospitalised Chinese patients without report any comorbidities	Gastrointestinal bleeding, diarrhea	39	Description of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients	[124]
3	10	Chinese patients have aged 19-40 years, hospitalised and no such comorbidity was reported	Hemoptysis, diarrhea, cough	8	Report of median aged COVID-19 confirmed patients in ICU	[127]
4	14	Patients (18-87 years) were hospitalized, Chinese individuals without any comorbidities	No symptoms	5	Retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in hospitalized conditions	[132]
5	66	Chinese patients (median age of 44 years) were hospitalised, comorbidity was not reported	No symptoms	11	Viral RNA detection was performed from throat swabs, stool, urine, and serum samples in different clinical conditions in COVID-19 patients	[133]
6	18	Adults patients (median age, 47 years) from Singapore were hospitalised and comorbidities was noted	No symptoms	4	COVID-19 patient case series using clinical, laboratory, and radiological data	[134]
7	74	Studied paients belonged from China and were hospitalised with comorbidities	No symptoms	41	Analysis of respiratory and fecal samples to determine clinical symptoms and medical treatments of COVID-19 patients	[135]
8	9	Adults Chinese patients were hospitalised without any comorbidities	Diarrhea and urinary irritation	2	Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine and blood samples, and anal, oropharyngeal swabs of confirmed COVID-19 patients	[136]

ICU: Intensive care unit; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.