Presentation, patterns and predictive value of baseline liver tests on outcomes in COVID-19 patients without chronic liver disease

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 10614)

Demographics
Sex
Male	6243 (58.8%)
Female	4371 (41.2%)
Race
White	4037 (38.0%)
Black	2248 (21.2%)
Asian	914 (8.6%)
Other/multiracial	2942 (27.7%)
Unknown	473 (4.5%)
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic or Latino or other/unknown	8338 (78.6%)
Hispanic or Latino	2276 (21.4%)
Age (yr)	65 (54-77)
Body mass index (kg/m2)1	28.3 (24.9-32.6)
< 30	5120 (61.4%)
≥ 30	3220 (38.6%)
Presence of co-morbid conditions
Hypertension	6204 (58.5%)
Diabetes mellitus	3764 (35.5%)
Coronary artery disease	1328 (12.5%)
Heart failure	832 (7.8%)
Malignancy	791 (7.5%)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	608 (5.7%)
Chronic kidney disease (stage I-IV)	391 (3.7%)
End-stage renal disease	434 (4.1%)
Liver chemistries (within 24 h)
AST (IU/L)1	46 (31-72)
Normal	4377 (41.3%)
> 1 to ≤ 4 × ULN	5713 (53.8%)
> 4 to ≤ 10 × ULN	437 (4.1%)
> 10 × ULN	85 (0.8%)
ALT (IU/L)	33 (21-56)
Normal	4883 (46.0%)
> 1 to ≤ 4 × ULN	5159 (48.6%)
> 4 to ≤ 10 × ULN	484 (4.6%)
> 10 × ULN	88(0.8%)
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)1	75 (59-98)
Normal	9242 (87.1%)
> 1 to ≤ 4 × ULN	1333 (12.6%)
> 4 to ≤ 10 × ULN	35(0.3%)
> 10 × ULN	2 (0.02%)
Bilirubin (mg/dL)1	0.5 (0.4-0.7)
Normal	10119 (95.4%)
> 1 to ≤ 4 × ULN	486 (4.6%)
> 4 to ≤ 10 × ULN	5 (0.05%)
> 10 × ULN	3 (0.03%)

¹Missing data for some patients: Body mass index (n = 2274), alkaline phosphatase (n = 2), aspartate aminotransferase (n = 2), and bilirubin (n = 1).

Data summarized as n (%) for categorical variables and median (interquartile range) for continuous variables. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ULN: Upper limit of normal.