Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2021; 27(37): 6191-6223
Published online Oct 7, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i37.6191
Table 2 Artificial intelligence applications in gastroenterology: Diagnosis
Ref.
Diagnostic Modality
AI classifier
Sizes of the training/validation sets
Outcomes
Performance        
Takiyama et al[33]Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy imagingCNN1750/4357Anatomical classification among larynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum0.99-1.002,7
Pace et al[34]Laboratory results, clinicopathological parametersANN159 patientsDiagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease67.86-1001,6
de Groof et al[35]Esophageal endoscopic imagesDNN1247/2976/807/807 patientsClassification of malignant from nondysplastic Barret’s esophagus88.21,6, 87.5-88.81,7, 87.63,6, 90.0-92.53,7, 88.64,6, 82.5-87.54,7
van der Sommen et al[36]White-light endoscopic imagingSVM44 patients with Barret’s esophagusDiagnosis of early neoplastic lesionsPer image: 62-903,6, 65-904,6, Per patient: 52-1003,6, 74-964,6
Struyvenberg et al[37]Volumetric laser endomicroscopy imagingSeveral29 patients with Barret’s esophagusDiagnosis of neoplastic lesions0.83-0.942,6
Swager et al[38]Volumetric laser endomicroscopy imagingSeveral60 imagesDiagnosis of neoplastic lesions0.89-0.952,6
Kumagai et al[39]Endocytoscopic imagingCNN4715/15207Diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma90.91,7, 0.72-0.902,7, 39.4-46.43,7, 98.2-98.44,7
Zheng et al[40]Endoscopic imagesCNN1507/452 patientsDiagnosis of H.pylori infection84.5-93.81,6, 0.93-0.972,6, 81.4-91.63,6, 90.1-98.64,6
Nakashima et al[41]Endoscopic imagesCNN162/60 patientsDiagnosis of H.pylori infection0.66-0.962,6
Itoh et al[42]Endoscopic imagesCNN149/30 imagesDiagnosis of H.pylori infection0.9562,6, 86.73,6, 86.74,6
Shichijo et al[43]Endoscopic imagesCNN32308/114817Diagnosis of H.pylori infection83.1-87.71,7, 81.9-88.93,7, 83.4-87.44,7
Kanesaka et al[45]NBI SVM126/81 NBI imagesDiagnosis of gastric cancer96.31,6, 96.73,6, 95.04,6
Hirasawa et al[46]Endoscopic imagesCNN13584/22967Diagnosis of gastric cancer92.23,7
Zhu et al[47]Laboratory results, clinicopathological parameters, cancer biomarkersGB/DT496/213 patientsDiagnosis of gastric cancer85.91,5, 831,6, 0.912,6, 883,5, 873,6, 83.44,5, 84.14,6
Tenório et al[48]Laboratory results, clinicopathological parametersSeveral178/38Diagnosis of celiac disease71.5-801,6, 0.71-0.842,6, 69-823,6, 67-804,6
Caetano Dos Santos et al[49]Endomysial autoantibody test for IgA-class antibodies imagesSVM2597 images (training:validation = 7:3)Diagnosis of celiac disease96.8-98.851,6, 82.84-98.913,6, 98.81-99.404,6
Hujoel et al[50]Laboratory results, clinicopathological parametersSeveral408 undiagnosed patientsDiagnosis of celiac disease0.49-0.532,6
Manandhar et al[51]Gut microbiome dataRF1429 fecal 16S metagenomic data subjectsDiagnosis of IBD0.80-0.822,6
Wei et al[52]Single nucleotide polymorphisms dataSeveral60828 samplesClassifification of CD and UC0.782-0.8662,6
Mossotto et al[53]Capsule endoscopy, histologic imagingSVM239/487 pediatric patientsClassifification of CD, UC, and unclassified IBD71-82.71,5, 0.78-0.872,5, 83.31,7, 83-853,7
Xia et al[58]Capsule endoscopy imagingCNN697/1007 patients, 822590/2013657, images Classification among different types of gastric lesions77.1-861,7, 0.80-0.902,7, 96.2-1003,7, 56.5-76.24,7
Seguí et al[59]Capsule endoscopy imagingCNN50 videosClassification of small bowel mobility events961,6
Park et al[60]Capsule endoscopy imagingCNN139 videos, 200000 images (training:validation:test = 6:2:2)Small bowel lesion identification80.29-98.341,6, 0.9992,5, 0.9982,6,7
Hwang et al[61]Capsule endoscopy imagingCNN7556/57607 imagesClassification of hemorrhagic and ulcerative lesions96.62-96.831,7, 95.07-97.613,7, 96.04-98.184,7
Otani et al[62]Capsule endoscopy imagingDNN167/407 patientsClassification among different types of small bowel lesions0.950-0.9962,6, 0.884-0.9282,7
Yuan et al[63]Capsule endoscopy imagingSVM20 patients, 340 images (training:validation = 8:2)Diagnosis of peptic ulcers92.651,6, 94.123,6, 91.184,6
Karargyris et al[64]Capsule endoscopy imagingSVM80 frames Diagnosis of peptic ulcers753,6, 73.34,6
He et al[65]Capsule endoscopy imagingCNN11 patients, 440000 imagesDiagnosis of intestinal hookworms88.51,6, 0.8952,6, 84.63,6, 88.64,6
Leenhardt et al[66]Capsule endoscopy imagingCNN600/600 imagesDiagnosis of gastrointestinal angiectasia1003,6, 964,6
Zhou et al[67]Capsule endoscopy imagingCNN21 videosDiagnosis of celiac disease1003,6, 1004,6
Yamada et al[68]Colon capsule endoscopy imagingCNN15933/47847 Diagnosis of colorectal neoplasias83.97, 0.9022,7, 793,7, 874,7
Wang et al[69]Colonoscopy imagingCNN5545 images/271137 images/6127 images/1387 videos/547 videosIdentification of colorectal polyps0.9842,7, 88.24-1003,7, 95.40-95.922,7
Misawa et al[70]Colonoscopy imagingCNN411/35 short videosIdentification of colorectal polyps76.51,6, 0.872,6, 903,6, 63.34,6
Urban G et al[71]Colonoscopy imagingCNN8641 images/207 videosIdentification of colorectal polyps96.41,7, 0.9912,7
Ozawa et al[72]Colonoscopy imagingCNN20431/70777 imagesIdentification of colorectal polyps, Classification of colorectal polyps90-973,7, 47-981,7
Mori et al[73]NBI and methylene blue staining imagesSVM466 diminutive polypsClassification of diminutive rectosigmoid adenomasNPV(%): 93.7-96.5
Tischendorf et al[74]NBISVM209 colorectal polypsClassification of colorectal polyps903,6, 70.24,6
Gross et al[75]NBISVM434 colorectal polypsClassification of small colorectal polyps93.11,6, 95.03,6, 90.34,6
Kominami et al[76]NBISVM118 colorectal polypsClassification of colorectal polyps93.21,6, 93.03,6, 93.34,6
Misawa et al[77]NBI endocytoscopySVM979/100 endocytoscopy, imagesClassification of colorectal polyps901,6, 84.53,6, 97.64,6
Takeda et al[78]NBI endocytoscopySVM5543/200 endocytoscopy, imagesDiagnosis of invasive CRC94.11,6, 89.43,6, 98.94,6
Chen et al[79]NBICNN2157/2847Classification neoplastic from hyperplastic polyps96.33,7, 78.14,7, NPV(%): 91.57
Komeda et al[80]NBICNN1200/600 imagesClassification of adenomatous from non-adenomatous polyps75.11,6
Byrne et al[81]NBICNN223/407 videosClassification of adenomas from hyperplastic polyps941,7, 0.952,7, 983,7, 834,7, NPV(%): 977