Molecular advances in pancreatic cancer: A genomic, proteomic and metabolomic approach

Table 2 Summary of biomarker discovery studies

Ref.	Biomarkers	Sensitivity	Specificity	AUC
Zhu et al[20]	ctDNA	0.64	0.92	0.9478
	CTC	0.74	0.83	0.8166
	Exosome	0.93	0.92	0.9819
Capello et al[23]	TIMP1, LRG1 and CA19-9	0.667/0.410	0.95/0.99	0.887
Mehta et al[26]	Panel of: Lactate, LysoPC (18:2), Alanine, Choline, Threonine, Asparagine, Tyrosine, Lysine, Palmitate and 3-hydroxybutyrate	-	-	0.992 vs NC
				0.957 vs T2DM
				0.653 vs CRC
		Biomarker + ve median survival		Biomarker - ve median survival
Peng et al[25]	Panel of: PZ, SHBG, VWF and CA19-9	19.2 mo		8.7 mo
			AUC
Martín-Blázquez et al[27]	Panel of: PS (12:0/15:1), TG (22:2/15:0/18:3), 4-oxo-Retinoic acid, Androsterone sulfate, LysoPE (18:2), Phenylalanylphenylalanine, all-trans-Decaprenyldiphosphate, LysoPC (18:2) and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate		0.992 (CI: 0.972-1.000)

ctDNA: Circulating tumour DNA; CTC: Circulating tumour cells; TIMP1: Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1; LRG1: Leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CI: Confidence interval; NC: Normal control; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus; CRC: Colorectal cancer.