Gut microbiome in acute pancreatitis: A review based on current literature

Table 4 MicroRNAs used as biomarkers in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis

No.	miRNAs	Patients	Sample	Expression change	Reference gene	Ref.
1	miR-216a	AP	Plasma	Up	None	[49]
2	miR-551b-5p	AP	Plasma	Up	miR-16	[50]
3	miR-216a-5p, miR-375, and miR-551b-5p	AP	Serum	Up	miR-103a-3p	[51]
4	miR-7, miR-9, miR-122, and miR-141	AP	Serum	Up	Exogenous reference genes	[52]
5	miR-216a	AP	Plasma	Up	U6	[53]
6	miR-551-5p	AP	PBMC-	Up	U6	[54]
7	miR-155	AP	Serum	Up	U6	[55]
8	miR-29a	AP	Plasma	Up	U6	[56]
9	miR-24-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-361-5p, and miR-1246	HTG-AP	Serum	Up	U6	[57]
10	miR-1260b, miR-762, miR-22-3p, miR-23b, and miR-23a	AP-associated ALI	Serum	Up	U6	[58]
11	miR-92b, miR-10a, and miR-7	AP	Plasma	Down	miR-16	[50]
12	miR-155	AP	Serum	Down	Not mentioned	[59]
13	miR-181a-5p	HTG-AP	Serum	Down	U6	[57]
14	miR-550a, miR-324-5p, miR-484, miR-331-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-342-3p, and miR-150	AP-associated ALI	Serum	Down	U6	[58]
15	miR-127	AP-associated ALI	Plasma	Down	miR-16	[60]

ALI: Acute lung injury; AP: Acute pancreatitis; HTG-AP: Hypertriglyceridemic-acute pancreatitis; mi: Micro.