Altered profiles of fecal bile acids correlate with gut microbiota and inflammatory responses in patients with ulcerative colitis

Figure 6 Serum inflammatory cytokine levels and correlations between fecal bile acids and serum inflammatory cytokines in all subjects. A-E: The levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-6 were significantly higher in UC patients (P < 0.0001); F: A heatmap of correlative assessments was made of the fecal bile acids and serum inflammatory cytokines ( ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001); G: A network diagram of correlative assessments was made on the fecal bile acid metabolites and serum inflammatory cytokines (purple nodes represent bile acid metabolites and orange nodes represent inflammatory cytokines; red lines represent positive correlations and blue lines represent negative correlations). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. LCA: Lithocholic acid; DCA: Deoxycholic acid; GDCA: Glyco-deoxycholic acid; GLCA: Glyco-lithocholic acid; TLCA: Tauro-lithocholate; TDCA: Tauro-deoxycholic acid; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA: Tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid; GUDCA: Glyco-ursodeoxycholic acid; TCA: Tauro-cholic acid; CA: Cholic acid; TCDCA: Tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid; GCDCA: Glyco-chenodeoxycholic acid; CDCA: Chenodeoxycholic acid; GCA: Glyco-cholic acid.