Multiphase computed tomography radiomics of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms to predict malignancy

Figure 2 Histology of low grade and high grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm lesions are shown. A: Low grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) hematoxylin and eosin stain (HE) at 20 × magnification; B: Low grade IPMN HE at 100 × magnification. Low grade IPMN is represented by a single layer of mucinous epithelium containing columnar, palisading nuclei and abundant mucinous cytoplasm, with low nuclei/cytoplasmic ratio, minimal cytologic atypia and an absence of obvious mitosis; C: High grade IPMN HE at 20 × magnification; D: High grade IPMN HE at 100 × magnification. In contrast to low grade, high grade IPMN frequently demonstrates decreased cytoplasmic mucin contents, loss of nuclear polarity with nuclear overlapping, higher nuclei/cytoplasmic ratio, significant cytologic atypia and easily identifiable mitosis.