Prognostic significance of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis treated with current standards of care

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study patients

Parameter	n (%)
Age (yr)	57 (IQR 50–65)
Male	133 (71)
Current smoker	70 (37)
Co morbidities
IHD	16 (9)
DM	64 (34)
CCF	16 (9)
Previous CVA	15 (8)
COPD	14 (7)
Non-HCC malignancy	20 (11)
CKD	39 (21)
Ascites	138 (73)
Aetiology of cirrhosis
Alcohol	117 (62)
HBV	6 (3)
HCV	59 (31)
NASH	37 (20)
PSC	6 (3)
AIH	4 (2)
PBC	1 (1)
Other	11 (6)
Child Pugh score	11 (IQR 9-12)
CPA	3 (2)
CPB	39 (21)
CPC	120 (64)
Unknown	26 (14)
MELD	25 (IQR 18-31)
Hepatic encephalopathy
Grade 1	22 (5)
Grade 2	93 (23)
Grade 3	38 (57)
Grade 4	9 (14)
Unknown grade	26
Previous episode of encephalopathy	75
Median duration of encephalopathy (d)	7 (IQR 2-9)

Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range). IHD: Ischemic heart disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CCF: Congestive cardiac failure; CVA: Cerebrovascular event; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HCC: Hepatocellular cancer; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; HCV: Hepatitis C; HBV: Hepatitis B; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; PBC: Primary biliary cirrhosis; CPA: Child's Pugh A; CPB: Childs Pugh B; CPC: Childs Pugh C; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease.