Intestinal epithelial barrier and neuromuscular compartment in health and disease

doi:10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1564

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2020; 26(14): 1564-1579
Published online Apr 14, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1564

Table 2 Summary of current human and experimental data on molecular, morphological and functional changes in intestinal epithelial barrier and neuromuscular compartment in metabolic disorders

Metabolic disorder	Morphofunctional changes in intestinal epithelial barrier	Morphofunctional changes in enteric neuromuscular compartment	Ref.
Human investigations
Obesity	↑ Circulating LPS	NA	[6]
	↓ Occludin and tri-cellulin immunopositivity
	↑ ZO-1
Diabetes	↑ Intestinal permeability (urinary excretion of lactulose)	NA	[6]
Experimental models
HFD-induced obese mice	↓ ZO-1, occludin and claudins	↓ Nitrergic and VIPergic neurons Altered smooth muscle cell excitability	[89-91,93,94,96,97]
	↑ Circulating LPS	↓ Enteric inhibitory neurotransmission
		↑ Enteric excitatory tachykininergic neurotransmission
		↑ SP immunopositivity
		↑ A_2B adenosine receptor expression
Lep ob/ob mice	↑ Intestinal permeability	NA	[92]
	Alterations of villi/crypt length
	↓ TJs and mucus-related genes
Ob/ob mice	↑ Paracellular permeability	↓ Intestinal motor activity	[95]
	Altered TJs	↓ ACh receptors
	Altered TJs	Delayed intestinal transit rate

↑: Increase; ↓: Decrease; A_2B: Adenosine 2B receptor; Ach: Acetylcholine; HFD: High-fat diet; Lep: Leptin; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; NA: Not available; Ob/ob: Obese mice; SP: Substance P; TJ: Tight junction; ZO-1: Zonulin-1.

Citation: D’Antongiovanni V, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Colucci R, Blandizzi C, Antonioli L, Bernardini N. Intestinal epithelial barrier and neuromuscular compartment in health and disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26(14): 1564-1579
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v26/i14/1564.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1564