Gastrointestinal discomforts and dietary intake in Chinese urban elders: A cross-sectional study in eight cities of China

Table 1 Gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores among Chinese urban elders with different socio-demographic characteristics (mean ± SD)

Socio-demographic characteristic		n	Dyspep-sia	P value	Diarrh-ea	P value	Abdomi-nal pain	P value	Reflux	P value	Constip-ation	P value	Total	P value
Gender	Male	288	5.5 ± 1.6	0.110	3.4 ± 0.8	0.012	3.4 ± 0.7	< 0.001	2.6 ± 0.9	0.002	3.5 ± 0.9	0.041	18.4 ± 2.9	< 0.001
	Female	400	5.7 ± 1.6		3.6 ± 0.9		3.7 ± 1.0		2.9 ± 1.1		3.7 ± 1.1		19.5 ± 3.8
Educ-ation	Junior high school or below	390	5.7 ± 1.7	0.040	3.5 ± 0.9	0.511	3.6 ± 0.7	0.046	2.9 ± 1.4	0.009	3.7 ± 1.1	0.162	19.4 ± 3.7	0.014
	Senior high school	225	5.4 ± 1.5		3.6 ± 0.9		3.5 ± 0.9		2.6 ± 0.9		3.5 ± 0.9		18.6 ± 3.1
	Bachelor or above	70	5.5 ± 1.5		3.6 ± 0.8		3.5 ± 0.8		2.6 ± 0.9		3.5 ± 0.8		18.7 ± 3.1
Family month-ly income	< 5000 rmb	360	5.8 ± 1.7	0.007	3.5 ± 0.9	0.754	3.6 ± 0.9	0.486	2.8 ± 1.1	0.134	3.7 ± 1.1	0.039	19.4 ± 3.7	0.007
	5000–8000 rmb	138	5.3 ± 1.5		3.5 ± 0.9		3.5 ± 0.8		2.6 ± 0.9		3.5 ± 0.9		18.4 ± 3.1
	> 8000 rmb	189	5.5 ± 1.5		3.5 ± 0.8		3.6 ± 1.0		2.7 ± 0.9		3.5 ± 0.8		18.8 ± 3.1
City level	First-tier cities	240	5.6 ± 1.5	0.778	3.6 ± 0.9	0.287	3.6 ± 0.9	0.877	2.7 ± 0.9	0.563	3.5 ± 0.9	0.236	19.0 ± 3.2	0.183
	Non first tier cities	448	5.6 ± 1.6		3.5 ± 0.9		3.6 ± 0.9		2.8 ± 1.1		3.1 ± 1.1		19.1 ± 3.6