Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Beyond the natural history

Table 1 Comparison of patient characteristics, metabolic profile and laboratory findings among inflammatory bowel disease patients with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Variables, mean (SD)	NAFLD	No-NAFLD	P value
Age (yr)	53.9 (12.9)	46.9 (13.5)	0.0007
Disease duration (yr)	10.7 (7.6)	11.5 (8.7)	0.51
Time of remission (mo)	33.9 (38.2)	21.1 (30.6)	< 0.05
Antropmetric measurements
Weight (kg)	73.5 (14.5)	64.2 (12.0)	< 0.0001
BMI (kg/m²)	26.5 (4.7)	23.9 (3.7)	< 0.0001
Waist circumference (cm)	93.1 (11.5)	85.5 (10.0)	< 0.0001
Visceral fat (%)	10.5 (5.2)	6.8 (3.3)	< 0.0001
Body fat (%)	29.9 (12.6)	27.9 (10.7)	0.23
Lean body mass (%)	31.4 (6.1)	31.1 (7.4)	0.75
Diet daily intake
Kcal	1970.27 (810.42)	1752.35 (689.48)	0.07
Protein (g/day)	90.31 (33.59)	82.69 (33.75)	0.16
Lipid (g/day)	75.18 (34.01)	61.88 (24.77)	0.005
Carbohydrates (g/day)	241.31 (110.81)	225.18 (101.13)	0.35
Laboratory findings
AST (UI/L)	21.1 (6.1)	21.3 (7.5)	0.84
AST (UI/L)	21.1 (6.1)	21.3 (7.5)	0.84
ALT (UI/L)	22.6 (10.3)	20.0 (10.5)	0.09
GGT (UI/L)	24.6 (11.5)	22.1 (28.0)	0.43
Glycemia (mg/dL)	98.1 (28.0)	89.8 (12.2)	0.03
Serum insulin (μUI/mL)	11.5 (14.1)	7.0 (4.1)	0.007
HOMA index	2.49 (2.42)	1.59 (1.10)	0.005
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	192.7 (41.4)	191.9 (39.7)	0.90
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	105.1 (49.4)	93.6 (49.7)	0.15
LDL (mg/dL)	119.8 (36.5)	113.3 (34.1)	0.28
HDL (mg/dL)	56.9 (17.7)	60.9 (17.6)	0.16
Liver stiffness (kPa)	5.5 (2.7)	4.6 (3.5)	0.09

BMI: Body mass index; HOMA: Homeostatic Model Assessment index; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine Aminotransferase; GGT: Glutamyltransferase; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HDL: High density lipoprotein; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.