Feasibility of endoscopic treatment and predictors of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer

Table 5 Lymph node metastasis risk according to histopathological characteristics

	Total (n = 1262), n (%)	LNM negative (n = 1080), n (%)	LNM positive (n = 182), n (%)	Univariate OR (95%CI)	P-value
Invasion depth					< 0.001
M	596 (47.2)	565 (52.3)	31 (17.0)	1
SM1	245 (19.4)	197 (18.2)	48 (26.4)	4.441 (2.748, 7.176)	< 0.001
SM2	421 (33.4)	318 (29.4)	103 (56.6)	5.903 (3.862, 9.024)	< 0.001
Differentiation					< 0.001
Differentiated	455 (36.1)	412 (38.1)	43 (23.6)	1
Undifferentiated	807 (63.9)	668 (61.9)	139 (76.4)	1.994 (1.386, 2.867)
Histology					0.019
Pap/Tub/Por	1004 (79.6)	866 (80.2)	138 (75.8)	1
Sig	223 (17.7)	190 (17.6)	33 (18.1)	1.090 (0.723, 1.644)	0.681
Muc	35 (2.8)	24 (2.2)	11 (6.1)	2.876 (1.378, 6.004)	0.005
LVI					< 0.001
Absence	1104 (87.5)	1021 (94.5)	83 (45.6)	1
Presence	158 (12.5)	59 (5.5)	99 (54.4)	20.641 (13.942, 30.559)
Perineural invasion					< 0.001
Absence	1181 (93.6)	1026 (95)	155 (85.2)	1
Presence	81 (6.4)	54 (5.0)	27 (14.8)	3.310 (2.024, 5.413)
Lauren's type					0.003
Intestinal type	500 (39.6)	448 (41.5)	52 (28.6)	1
Diffuse type	399 (31.6)	335 (31.0)	64 (35.2)	1.646 (1.112, 2.437)	0.013
Mixed type	363 (28.8)	297 (27.5)	66 (36.3)	1.915 (1.294, 2.833)	0.001

SM1: Tumor invading the superficial (< 0.5 mm in depth) submucosa. SM2: Tumor invading the deep (> 0.5 mm in depth) submucosa. LNM: Lymph node metastasis; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; M: Tumor confined within the mucosal layer; Pap: Papillary adenocarcinoma; Tub: Tubular adenocarcinoma; Por: Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; Sig: Signet ring cell carcinoma; Muc: Mucinous adenocarcinoma; LVI: Lymph-vascular invasion.