Layered enhancement at magnetic resonance enterography in inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis

Table 2 Index test and reference standard characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Vendor (Model)	Magnetstrength, T	Technique	Bowelpreparation	Luminal contrast	Spasmolytic agent	Intravenous contrast	MRI sequences	Postcontrast sequence timing	Index test readers (Years of experience)	Reference standard	Interval1
Del Vescovo et al[19]	Siemens Corp. (Magnetom Symphony)	1.5	EG	NR	1.2-2 L PEG solution orally 45 min prior	Buscopan 20 mg iv	0.1 mmol/kg Gadodiamide (Omniscan)	T2-HASTE, True-FISP, T1-FLASH fs (pre/postcontrast)	15 s, 60 s, 100 s, 160 s, 220 s, 280 s, 340 s, 400 s, 460 s	2 blinded radiologists in consensus (NR)	Endoscopy with biopsy	NR
Grieser et al[18]	GE Healthcare (Twin Speed)	1.5	EC	8 hrs fasting	1-2 L water, 80 mL/min, 20 min prior; 30 mL/min during MRI	Buscopan 10 mg iv	0.2 mL/kg Gd-DTPA (Magnevist)	SSFP, FIESTA, FRFSE, T1-SPGR fs (pre/postcontrast)	60-70 s	2 blinded radiologists in consensus (6,12)	Endoscopy with biopsy and/or surgery	Endoscopy ≤ 3 d; surgery ≤ 10 d
Koh et al[10]	Siemens Corp. (Magnetom Impact)	1	EG	NR	600 mL water orally 30 min prior	Buscopan 1 mg im	0.1 mmol/kg Gadodiamide (Omniscan)	T2-TSE, T1-FLASH, T1-FLASH fs (pre/postcontrast)	20 s	2 blinded radiologists in consensus (NR)	Endoscopy with biopsy and/or surgery	Median 21 d
Quaia et al[17]	Philips (Achieva)	1.5	EG	8 hrs fasting	2 L PEG solution orally 60 min prior and diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium solution rectally	Buscopan 40 mg iv	0.2 mL/kg Gadobenate dimeglumine (Multihance)	T2-HASTE, T2-SPAIR, T1-FISP, T1-THRIVE 3D fs (pre/postcontrast)	30 s, 70 s, 3 min, 5 min	2 blinded radiologists in consensus (10,12)	Endoscopy with biopsy or surgery	≤ 30 d
Zappa et al[11]	Philips (Intera)	1.5	EG	NR	1 L mannitol solution orally	Glucagon 1 mg iv	0.2 mL/kg Gadoterate meglumine (Dotarem)	T2-SSH-TSE fs, True-FISP, T1-FLASH 3D (pre/postcontrast)	90 s, 8 min	2 blinded radiologists in consensus (NR)	Surgery	≤ 90 d (mean 24 d, range 1–90 d, median 14 d)

¹Time interval between index test and reference standard. T: Tesla; EG: Enterography; EC: Enteroclysis; NR: Not reported; PEG: Polyethylene glycol; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; iv: Intravenous; im: Intramuscular; Gd-DTPA: Gadolinium(-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid); HASTE: Half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo; True-FISP: Fast imaging in the steady state procession; FLASH: Fast low angle shot; fs: Fat saturated; SSFP: Steady-state free precession; FIESTA: Fast imaging employing steady state acquisition; FRFSE: Fast relaxation fast spin echo; SPGR: Spoiled gradient echo; TSE: Turbo spin-echo; SPAIR: Half-Fourier single-shot spectral presaturation with inversion recovery; THRIVE: T1-weighted high resolution isotropic volume examination; SSH-TSE: Single-shot turbo spin-echo.