Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A systematic review for prevention and treatment

Table 4 Brief contents of reviewed articles on procedural techniques

Proce-dure	Authors	Year	Country	n	Design	Incidence of PEP1						P value
						Study group			Control (or compared)
Endosco-pic Nasobilia-ry Drainage (ENBD)	Huang et al[150]	2018	China	155	Prospec-tive, single center	1/78 (1.28%) [ENBD]			8/77 (10.4%) [No ENBD]			0.018
	Xu et al[145]	2015	China	218	Prospec-tive, single center	0/41 (0%) [ENBD +EPBD]	2/34 (5.9%) [ENBD +EST]	5/38 (13.2%) [Only ENBD]	6/36(16.7%) [EPBD]	3/39 (7.7%) [EST]	2/30(6.7%) [Neither]	-
Wire-Guided Biliary Cannula-tion (WGC)	Kobayashi et al[158]	2013	Japan	322	Prospec-tive, multicen-ter, controlled	10/163 (6.1%) [WGC]			10/159 (6.3%) [CC]			0.95
	Lee et al[161]	2009	South Korea	300	Prospec-tive, single center	3/150 (2%) [WGC]			17/150 (11.3%)) [CC]			0.001
	Bassan et al[162]	2018	Asia Pacific Region	707	Prospec-tive, multicen-ter, single-blinded	NA/355 (9.3%) [0.035-inch wire]			NA/357 (7.8%) [0.025-inch wire]			0.51
Pancrea-tic Stent Place-ment (PSP)	Fujisawa et al[156]	2016	Japan	200	Prospec-tive, single center	2/98 (2%) [PSP 3 cm]			9/102 (8.8%) [PSP 5 cm]			0.035
	Conigliaro et al[157]	2013	Italy	40	Prospec-tive, multicen-ter, blinded	6/21 (29 %) [Immediate stent removal]			0/19 [leaving the stent]			0.021
	Lee et al[151]	2012	South Korea	101	Prospec-tive, multicen-ter,	6/50 (12%) [3F PSP]			15/51 (29.4) [Nonstent]			0.031
	Sofuni et al[152]	2011	Japan	407	Prospec-tive, multicen-ter	16/203 (7.9%) (PSP)			31/204 (15.2%) [Nonstent]			0.021
	Pan et al[153]	2011	China	40	Prospec-tive, single center	4/20 (20%) [PSP]			14/20 (70%) [Nonstent]			< 0.01
	Ito et al[154]	2010	Japan	70	Prospec-tive, single center	0/35 (0%) [PSP]			9/35 (24%) [Nonstent]			< 0.01
	Kawagu-chi et al[155]	2012	Japan	120	Prospec-tive, single center	1/60 (1.7%) [PSP]			8/60 (13.3%) [Nonstent]			0.0322
Needle Knife Sphincter-otomy (NKS)	Swan et al[164]	2013	Australia	73	Prospec-tive, single center, single blind	8/39 (20.5%) [NKS]			6/34 (17.6%) [CSC]			1.0

¹The fractional ratios indicates “Number of PEP incidences/number of patients in the group”. Rate of PEP incidences are given in the parenthesis. Definitions of the procedures applied to groups are given in the brackets. n: Number of patients (sample size); EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation; CC: Conventional cannulation; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; CSC: Continued standart cannulation.