Drug-eluting fully covered self-expanding metal stent for dissolution of bile duct stones in vitro

Figure 2 Key steps to put stent into porcine common bile duct. A: The porcine common bile duct (CBD) was partially ligated via laparoscopy; B: The porcine CBD was dilated after one-week ligation; C: Naked fully covered self-expanding metal stent or Stent III was put into the porcine CBD through choledochotomy. To avoid stent migration, stents were sewed on the CBD walls with special care when closing the CBD and the ligation was removed thereafter; D: After the animals were sacrificed, all the stents were still in the bile duct without migration. CBD: Common bile duct.