Fluoroquinolones for the treatment of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in liver transplantation

Table 1 Risk factors and indications of latent tuberculosis infection treatment in the liver transplant setting (adapted from Meije et al[20] and Bosh et al[22])

Risk factors include:
Residence in a high-endemicity area
Age greater than 50 years
Homelessness or incarceration
Personal or donor history of TB
Diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, HIV infection, end-stage liver disease
Chest radiography or CT scan showing abnormalities
Intensification of immunosuppression for rejection; use of everolimus, sirolimus and T-cell-depleting antibodies
LTBI treatment should be prescribed to candidates with compensated cirrhosis or to recipients with normal liver allograft function and at least one of the following criteria:
TST (initial or after a booster effect) with an induration of ≥ 5 mm1
Positive IGRA result1
Recent change in the TST result
Personal or donor history of untreated or incorrectly treated TB
History of contact with a smear-positive TB patient
Residual TB lesions in an untreated patient

¹Only if the candidate or the recipient has not been previously treated for latent tuberculosis infection or active tuberculosis. CT: Computed tomography; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; IGRA: Interferon-γ release assay; LTBI: Latent tuberculosis infection; TB: Tuberculosis; TST: Tuberculin skin test.