Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from patient-matched esophageal carcinoma, adjacent noncancerous tissues and urine

Table 1 Summary of clinical and demographic features for study subjects and tumor characteristics

	EC	HC	χ2	P value
Subjects, n	41	40
Age (median, range), yr	60, 39-77	59, 28-78
Sex			6.77	0.12
Male	31	19
Female	10	21
Cancer stage
Stage I/II	15	-
Stage III	11	-
Stage IV	15	-
CEA, ng/mL
Positive	2	-
Negative	31	-
Not measured	8	-
CA 19-9, U/mL
Positive	2	-
Negative	18	-
Not measured	21	-
Location
Cervical	1	-
Upper thoracic	5	-
Middle thoracic	24	-
Lower thoracic	11	-
Symptoms
Dysphagia	40	-
Gastroesophageal reflux	27	-

EC: Esophageal cancer; HC: Healthy control; CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.