Nationwide cohort study suggests that nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy decreases dialysis risk in Taiwanese chronic kidney disease patients acquiring hepatitis B virus infection

Table 3 Hazard ratios for end-stage renal disease in the untreated hepatitis B virus-infected and hepatitis B virus-uninfected chronic kidney disease patients, with adjustment for competing mortality

Variable	Overall CKD patients (n = 103002)				Propensity score-matched CKD patients (n = 14580)
	Crude		Adjusted1		Crude		Adjusted1
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
CKD patients
Uninfected	1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
Untreated	1.39 (1.20-1.60)	< 0.0001	1.69 (1.47-1.96)	< 0.0001	1.64 (1.38-1.94)	< 0.0001	1.67 (1.40-1.98)	< 0.0001
Sex (Men/Women)	0.94 (0.88-0.99)	0.028	1.38 (1.25-1.51)	< 0.0001	1.24 (1.05-1.46)	0.011	1.65 (1.26-2.16)	0.0003
Age (per year)	1.01 (1.01-1.01)	< 0.0001	0.96 (0.96-0.97)	< 0.0001	1.03 (1.02-1.03)	< 0.0001	0.98 (0.96-0.98)	0.012
Comorbidity (Yes/No)
Diabetes	2.49 (2.35-2.65)	< 0.0001	1.96 (1.83-2.10)	< 0.0001	2.55 (2.18-2.99)	< 0.0001	1.96 (1.63-2.35)	< 0.0001
Hypertension	2.85 (2.67-3.03)	< 0.0001	2.08 (1.88-2.29)	< 0.0001	3.59 (3.06-4.20)	< 0.0001	2.51 (1.95-3.22)	< 0.0001
Coronary heart disease	1.26 (1.17-1.35)	< 0.0001	0.86 (0.80-1.05)	0.37	1.25 (0.98-1.60)	0.08	0.93 (0.74-1.15)	0.49
Hyperlipidemia	1.16 (1.08-1.24)	< 0.0001	1.01 (0.93-1.08)	0.90	1.07 (0.89-1.30)	0.48	0.84 (0.68-1.03)	0.09
Cirrhosis	0.81 (0.62-1.05)	0.11	8.34 (5.72-12.17)	< 0.0001	0.73 (0.46-1.15)	0.17	4.36 (1.56-12.17)	0.005
Urbanization level
Urban	1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
Suburban	1.01 (0.95-1.08)	0.69	0.93 (0.87-1.00)	0.06	1.10 (0.94-1.28)	0.26	0.99 (0.81-1.19)	0.87
Rural	1.03 (0.97-1.11)	0.35	0.84 (0.77-1.03)	0.07	0.99 (0.82-1.20)	0.94	0.80 (0.63-1.01)	0.06
Enrolee category
1 + 2	1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
3	1.28 (1.21-1.36)	< 0.0001	1.34 (1.23-1.47)	< 0.0001	1.36 (1.16-1.60)	0.0001	1.44 (1.15-1.79)	0.001
4	1.26 (1.18-1.35)	< 0.0001	1.34 (1.21-1.49)	< 0.0001	1.52 (1.27-1.82)	< 0.0001	1.55 (1.21-1.98)	0.0006

¹Adjusted for all covariates (age per year, sex, comorbidities, urbanization level, enrolee category, number of medical visits, Charlson comorbidity index score, and propensity score) and competing mortality. CKD: Chronic kidney disease.