Effect of photodynamic therapy with (17R,18R)-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl chlorine E6 trisodium salt on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

Figure 2 Phototoxicity, cellular uptake, and localization of (17R,18R)-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl chlorine E6 trisodium salt in vitro. A: Effect of various concentrations of (17R,18R)-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl chlorine E6 trisodium salt (YLG-1) (0-5 μg/mL) alone on SW1990 and Panc-1 cell viability. B: Influence of different doses of laser light (0-10 J/cm²) on pancreatic cancer cell viability. C: Intracellular localization of YLG-1. Red, green, and yellow fluorescence (FL) corresponded to YLG-1, MitoTracker-stained mitochondria, and colocalization of the red and green FL, respectively. Scale bar = 25 μm. D: Cellular uptake of YLG-1 detected at 0-12 h via incubation with 0.5 μg/mL YLG-1 in vitro. E: SW1990 and Panc-1 cells incubated with 0-0.25 or 0-1.0 μg/mL YLG-1 for 6 h followed by exposure to 5 or 10 J/cm² illumination, respectively. The effect of phototoxicity on cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay after 24 h. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001 vs the corresponding group without YLG-1 treatment. YLG-1: (17R,18R)-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl chlorine E6 trisodium salt; FL: Fluorescence.