MicroRNAs in the prognosis and therapy of colorectal cancer: From bench to bedside

Table 2 A list of representative circulating miRNAs of prognostic value in colorectal cancer patients

miRNA	Method of detection	Patient number	Observations and correlation with clinical outcome	Ref.
miR-21	qRT-PCR	102	Lower serum expressions were associated with higher local recurrence and mortality	[197]
miR-23b	qRT-PCR	96	CRC patients with low miR-23b expression in plasma exhibited a shorter recurrence-free survival and poorer overall survival rate	[198]
miR-96	TaqMan miRNA microarray	50 (screening); 234 (validation)	Elevated plasma levels were strongly correlated with shorter OS, especially in stage II and III CRC patients	[199]
miR-124-5p	qRT-PCR	71	Higher plasma levels were correlated with longer OS	[200]
miR-141	qRT-PCR	102	High plasma levels were significantly associated with stage IV colon cancer and poor prognosis	[70]
miR-148a	qRT-PCR	55	Lower levels were associated significantly with shorter DFS and poorer OS rates	[201]
miR-155	qRT-PCR	146	High serum levels correlated with poor PFS and OS	[202]
miR-183	qRT-PCR	118	High plasma levels were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, higher TNM staging, and tumor recurrence	[203]
miR-200b	TaqMan miRNA microarray	50 (screening); 234 (validation)	Elevated plasma levels were correlated with shorter OS, especially in stage II and III CRC patients	[199]
miR-200c	qRT-PCR	182 CRC patients and 24 controls	High serum expressions were strongly correlated with lymph node, distant metastasis, tumor recurrence and poor prognosis.	[204]
miR-203	qRT-PCR	144 (validation)	High serum levels were associated with poor survival and metastasis;	[205]
miR-218	qRT-PCR	189	Serum levels were significantly associated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and differentiation. Patients with low miR-218 serum level had shorter survival.	[206]
miR-221	qRT-PCR	103	Elevated plasma level is a significant prognostic factor for poor overall survival in CRC patients	[207]
miR-345	TaqMan miRNA microarray	138	High plasma levels were significantly associated with shorter PFS and lack of response to treatment with cetuximab and irinotecan	[108]
miR-885-5p	miRNA microarray, qRT-PCR	169	High serum expressions were highly correlated with poor prognosis, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis	[208]
miR-1290	miRNA microarray, qRT-PCR	324	High serum levels were associated with lower OS, lower DFS and more advanced tumor stage	[209]
2-miRNA prognostic panel (miR-23a-3p & miR-376c-3p)	miRNA microarray	427	A prognostic panel consisting of miR-23a-3p and miR-376c-3p, independent of TNM stage, was established	[210]
miR-200 & miR-141	qRT-PCR	380	High serum levels of miR-200 and miR-141 were associated with higher propensity of CRC patients to develop liver metastasis	[211]
miR-122 & miR-200 family	miRNA microarray	543	Increased plasma miR-122 levels were associated with a “bad” prognostic subtype in metastatic CRC and a shorter relapse-free survival and overall survival for non-metastatic and metastatic CRC patients. Several members of the miR-200 family were associated with patients’ prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics	[212]

OS : Overall survival; DFS: Disease free survival; PFS : Progression free survival; CRC: Colorectal cancer; TNM: Tumor, node, and metastasis.