Role of band ligation for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding

Table 5 Results of individual trials comparing band ligation with other interventions in terms of mortality

Study (reference)	Treatment	Mean hospitalization days(range or ± SD)	Mortality rate(%)	Follow up (range or ± SD)
	Endoscopic band ligation vs endoscopic sclerotherapy
Luz et al[26]	EBL	NR	13.60	5 d
	EST		7.70	5 d
Mansour et al[27]	EBL	NR	No difference	6 mo
	EBL + EST
	Endoscopic band ligation vs endoscopic band ligation + endoscopic sclerotherapy
Chen et al[28]	EBL	NR	2.10	6 mo
	EBL + EST		6.30
	Endoscopic band ligation vs β-blockers
Stanley et al[30]	EBL	NR	51.60	26.3 mo
	Carvedilol		27.30
	Endoscopic band ligation + β-blockers vs β-blockers
Hanif et al[29]	EBL + propranolol	NR	NR	6 mo
	Propranolol
	Endoscopic band ligation + PPIs vs endoscopic band ligation + vasoconstrictors
Lo et al[31]	EBL + vasoconstrictors	9.4 ± 2.3	6.7 at 42 d	42 d
	EBL + PPIs	8.8 ± 3.8	5.2 at 42 d
	Endoscopic band ligation + β-blockers vs TIPS
Holster et al[32]	EBL + β-blockers	8.8 ± 5.4	20 at 2 yr	23.4 mo
	TIPS	12.4 ± 11.2	22 at 2 yr
Lv et al[33]	EBL + propranolol	NR	12 at 6 mo 12 at 12 mo 16 at 24 mo 33 at 30.4 mo	30.4 mo
	TIPS		16 at 6 mo 17 at 12 mo 27 at 24 mo 33 at 30.9 mo	30.9 mo
	Endoscopic band ligation vs cyanoacrylate injection
Santos et al[34]	EBL	NR	55	338 ± 189 d
	CI		56
	Endoscopic band ligation + endoscopic sclerotherapy vs endoscopic band ligation + microwave coagulation
Monici et al[35]	EBL + EST	NR	5.50	36.1 (15-53) mo
	EBL + MC		5.88	33.6 (14-54) mo

EBL: Endoscopic band ligation; EST: Endoscopic sclerotherapy; NR: Not reported; PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; CI: Cyanoacrylate injection; MC: Microwave coagulation.