Acute kidney injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure is different from in decompensated cirrhosis

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure and hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis patients after enrollment

Characteristics	HBV-DC		HBV-ACLF		P valuea	P valueb
	DC-non-AKI (n = 104)	DC-AKI (n = 28)	ACLF-non-AKI (n = 209)	ACLF-AKI (n = 71)
Hospitalization (d)1	13 (8-20)	12.5 (9-18.3)	26 (17-43)	16 (10.5-33)	0.144	< 0.001
Complications
Ascites (%)2	80 (76.9)	28 (100)	141 (67.5)	67 (94.4)	0.570	< 0.001
HE (%)2	8 (7.7)	3 (10.7)	41 (19.6)	31 (43.7)	< 0.001	< 0.001
GI bleeding (%)2	11 (10.6)	5 (17.9)	5 (2.4)	6 (8.5)	0.151	0.002
SBP (%)2	22 (21.2)	19 (67.9)	68 (32.5)	47 (66.2)	0.872	< 0.001
Pulmonary infection (%)2	20 (19.2)	8 (28.6)	43 (20.6)	23 (32.4)	0.944	0.134
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)1
Baseline	0.78 (0.68-0.87)	0.97 (0.81-1.23)	0.68 (0.6-0.81)	0.94 (0.74-1.26)	0.665	< 0.001
Peak	0.84 (0.74-0.96)	1.69 (1.44-2.07)	0.83 (0.7-0.94)	1.99 (1.63-2.57)	0.028	< 0.001
Final	0.76 (0.66-0.87)	1.05 (0.77-1.48)	0.74 (0.64-0.85)	1.48 (0.98-2.32)	0.014	< 0.001
Treated with terlipressin (%)2	-	19 (67.9)	-	43 (60.6)	0.499	-
Treatment time1	-	5 (3-9)	-	6 (3-9)	0.023	-
30-d mortality2	7 (6.7)	9 (32.1)	38 (18.2)	42 (59.2)	0.015	< 0.001
90-d mortality2	10 (9.6)	14 (50)	69 (33)	51 (71.8)	0.039	< 0.001

¹Median (IQR), compared by Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test;

²Number (percentage), compared by fisher's exact test or chi-square test;

^aDC-AKI group vs ACLF-AKI group;

^bCompared among all groups. SD: Standard deviation; IQR: Inter-quartile range; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; GI: Gastrointestinal; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.