Prognostic and predictive blood biomarkers in gastric cancer and the potential application of circulating tumor cells

Table 3 Detection of autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens in gastric cancer

Biomarker signature description	Technology	Study design	Sample size (GC/controls)	Diagnostic value	Ref.
2 TAAs-p62 and Koc	ELISA	GC vs HC	135/82	Sn = 19.3%, Sp = 97.6%, P < 0.01	Zhang et al[84], 2001
3TAAs-IQGAP3, KRT23 and REG3A	PARSE assay	GC vs HC (age and sex matched)	48/46	Sn = 22.9%, Sp = 100%, P < 0.001	Xu et al[85], 2012
3 TAAs-p16, p53 and c-myc	ELISA	GC vs HC	74/82	Sn = 21.6%, Sp = 97.6%; P < 0.001	Looi et al[86], 2006
6 TAAs-p53, Hsp70, HCC-22-5, PrxVI, KM-HN-1 and p90	ELISA	GC vs HC, training set	100/79	Sn = 49.0%, Sp = 92.4%, P < 0.01	Hoshion et al[87], 2017
		GC vs HC, validation set	248/74	Sn = 52.0%, Sp = 90.5%, P < 0.01
7 TAAs - p53, C-myc, p16, IMP1, Koc, p62 and Survivin	ELISA	Cardia GC vs HC	88/140	AUC = 0.73, Sn = 64%, Sp = 87%, P < 0.001	Zhou et al[41], 2015
7 TAAs - C-myc, Cyclin B1, IMP1, Koc, P53, p62 and Survivin	ELISA, fixed cut-off	GC vs HC	91/346	Sn = 52.7%, Sp = 89.9%, P < 0.01	Zhang et al[88], 2003
	ELISA, individual cut-off	GC vs HC	91/346	Sn = 98.9%, Sp = 93.1%, P < 0.001	Koziol et al[89], 2003
45 T7 phage-displayed TAA clones (including NY-ESO-1, DDX53, MAGE antigens etc.)	T7 phage displayed TAA microarray	GC vs HC (age and sex matched)	T:100/100	AUC = 0.79, Sn = 59%, Sp = 90%, P < 0.001	Zayakin et al[42], 2013
			V:235/213	AUC = 0.64, Sn = 58.7%, Sp = 55%, P < 0.001
		GC vs gastritis	235/100	AUC = 0.76, Sn = 58.7%, Sp = 81.5%, P < 0.001
		GC vs gastric ulcer	235/54
64 TAAs (including MAGEA4, CTAG1, TP53, ERBB2_C and SDCCAG8 antigens etc.)	Bead-based multiplex serology	GC vs HC	T:155/224	Sn = 0-12%, Sp = 98%; P > 0.05	Werner et al[90], 2016
		GC vs HC	V:146/97	Sn = 32%, Sp = 87%; P < 0.001
102 TAAs (including CTAG1B/CTAG2, DDX53, IGF2BP2, TP53 and MAGEA3 antigens etc.)	A recombinant antigen microarray	GC vs HC	829/929	AUC = 0.60, Sn = 21%, Sp = 91%, P < 0.001	Meistere et al[43], 2017

AUC: Area under the curve; GC: Gastric cancer; HC: Healthy controls; ND: Not determined; Sn: Sensitivity; Sp: Specificity; TAA: Tumor associated antigen; TSA: Tumor specific antigen; T: Training; V: Validation.