Extra-intestinal manifestations of non-celiac gluten sensitivity: An expanding paradigm

Table 3 Main extra-intestinal manifestations of non-celiac gluten sensitivity and associated disorders

Manifestations	Extra-intestinal manifestations	Level of evidence	Associated disorders	Level of evidence
General symptoms	Tiredness	4	Aphthous stomatitis	4
	Lack of wellbeing	4
	Foggy mind	4
	Joint or muscle pain	4
	Arm/leg numbness	4
Neurologic manifestations			Ataxia	3b
			Neuropathy	3b
			Encephalopathy	3b
			Epilepsy	4
			Miopathy	4
			Myelopathy	4
			Demyelinating disease	4
Psychiatric manifestations	Depression	1c	Bipolar disorder	4
	Anxiety	1c	Gluten psychosis	4
			Autism	2b
			Schizophrenia	4
Other autoimmune diseases and rheumatologic diseases			Psoriasis	2b
			Autoimmune thyroiditis	2b
			Rheumatoid arthritis	4
			Scleroderma	4
			Sjogren syndrome	4
			Raynaud phenomenon	4
Skin diseases			Dermatitis herpetiformis	2b
			Contact dermatitis	2b
			Rash and undetermined dermatitis	2b
Functional disorders			Fibromyalgia	1c
			Irritable bowel syndrome	1c
Nutritional imbalance	Anemia	4
	Osteoporosis	2b
Other			Interstitial cystitis	4
			Ingrown hairs	4
			Rhinitis, asthma	4
			Postural tachycardia syndrome	2b
			Oligo- or polymenorrhea	4

The level of evidence was expressed according to the Oxford consensus[85]