Short- and long-term outcomes following laparoscopic vs open surgery for pathological T4 colorectal cancer: 10 years of experience in a single center

Table 6 Univariate and multivariate analyses of 211 pathological T4 colorectal cancer patients for disease-free survival

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variable	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age	1.621 (1.010-2.601)	0.045	1.892 (1.111-3.223)	0.419
Gender	1.328 (0.824-2.141)	0.243
Surgical method (LAP and OPEN)	1.503 (0.933-2.422)	0.094
Tumor location
Mid/upper rectum	Reference group	-
Left colon	1.010 (0.601-10697)	0.969
Right colon	0.818 (0.411-1.629)	0.568
Comorbidities	1.787 (1.058-3.019)	0.030	2.261 (1.235-4.139)	0.080
pT4a/b	0.818 (0.618-1.725)	0.013	1.214 (0.784-1.974)	0.001
N stage
N0	Reference group	-
N1	1.134 (0.594-2.167)	0.703
N2	1.553 (0.861-2.801)	0.144
TNM stage
IIB + IIC	Reference group	-	Reference group	-
IIIB	1.034 (0.471-2.269)	0.933	0.884 (0.393-1.989)	0.765
IIIC	2.284 (1.202-4.337)	0.012	1.831 (0.935-3.584)	0.018
Lymph node status	0.710 (0.411-1.229)	0.221
No. of lymph nodes resected	0.661 (0.411-1.061)	0.087
Histological subtype	0.456 (0.243-0.854)	0.014	0.469 (0.225-0.974)	0.042
Differentiation	0.439 (0.266-0.725)	0.001	0.662 (0.374-1.170)	0.156
CA19-9	2.458 (1.526-3.960)	0.000	3.372 (1.968-5.778)	0.000
CEA	1.268 (0.790-2.036)	0.326	0.608 (0.356-1.038)	0.072
Chemotherapy	2.157 (1.323-3.514)	0.002	3.817 (2.194-6.639)	0.000

CRC: Colorectal cancer; LAP: Laparoscopic surgery; OPEN: Open surgery; p-Pathological; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; HR: Hazard ratio.