Short- and long-term outcomes following laparoscopic vs open surgery for pathological T4 colorectal cancer: 10 years of experience in a single center

Table 5 Univariate and multivariate analyses of 211 pathological T4 colorectal cancer patients for overall survival

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variable	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age	1.217 (0.784-1.888)	0.381
Gender	0.807 (0.508-1.281)	0.363
Surgical method (LAP and OPEN)	1.528 (0.982-2.377)	0.060
Tumor location
Mid/upper rectum	Reference group	-
Left colon	1.303 (0.813-2.091)	0.272
Right colon	0.792 (0.409-1.533)	0.489
Comorbidities	1.603 (1.007-2.552)	0.047	2.519 (1.436-4.419)	0.142
pT4a/b	0.790 (0.692-1.236)	0.445
N stage
N0	Reference group	-
N1	1.328 (0.701-2.517)	0.384
N2	2.079 (1.170-3.697)	0.013
TNM stage
IIB + IIC	Reference group	-	Reference group	-
IIIB	1.229 (0.564-2.679)	0.604	1.324 (0.785-1.753)	0.019
IIIC	3.092 (1.617-5.913)	0.001	1.104 (0.333-3.662)	0.001
Lymph node status	0.560 (0.324-0.968)	0.038	0.307 (0.103-0.919)	0.035
No. of lymph nodes resected	0.593 (0.385-0.915)	0.018	0.432 (0.264-0.708)	0.123
Histological subtype	0.369 (0.212-0.640)	0.000	0.433 (0.218-0.859)	0.247
Differentiation	0.326 (0.204-0.519)	0.000	0.460 (0.273-0.775)	0.087
CA19-9	1.868 (1.195-2.922)	0.006	1.662 (1.212-2.280)	0.002
CEA	1.089 (0.706-1.680)	0.013	0.608 (0.356-1.038)	0.068
Chemotherapy	1.611 (1.040-2.494)	0.033	2.225 (1.394-3.552)	0.181

CRC: Colorectal cancer; LAP: Laparoscopy surgery; OPEN: Open surgery; p: Pathological; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; HR: Hazard ratio.