Investigation of mitigating effect of colon-specific prodrugs of boswellic acid on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in Wistar rats: Design, kinetics and biological evaluation

Table 4 Clinical activity score rate¹

Intervention	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d	6 d	7 d	8 d	9 d	10 d	11 d
HC	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0	0 ± 0
DC	0 ± 0	0.77 ± 1.34	1.00 ± 1.73	1.66 ± 1.52	1.66 ± 1.52	1.88 ± 1.71	3.11 ± 1.01	3.22 ± 1.07	3.33 ± 1.15	3.33 ± 1.15	3.33 ± 1.15
BBA	0 ± 0	0.66 ± 1.15	1.00 ± 1.73	1.66 ± 1.52	2.00 ± 1.73	2.77 ± 1.34	3.00 ± 1.00	2.33 ± 0.57	1.99 ± 0.66	1.33 ± 1.15	0.99 ± 1.10e
SLZ	0 ± 0	0.38 ± 0.67	0.83 ± 0.92	1.88 ± 0.83	2.72 ± 0.63	2.88 ± 0.83	2.44 ± 0.50	1.61 ± 1.13	1.11 ± 1.01	0.72 ± 0.75	0.38 ± 0.60e
BH	0 ± 0	0.66 ± 1.15	1.55 ± 1.50	2.11 ± 0.83	2.77 ± 1.01	3.00 ± 1.00	2.66 ± 0.57	2.11 ± 0.50	1.55 ± 1.07	1.31 ± 0.83	0.70 ± 1.10e
BP	0 ± 0	0.77 ± 1.34	1.00 ± 1.73	1.50 ± 1.58	2.16 ± 1.09	2.66 ± 0.88	2.55 ± 0.76	1.88 ± 1.01	1.22 ± 1.17	0.97 ± 1.07	0.61 ± 0.70e
BT	0 ± 0	0.72 ± 1.25	1.05 ± 1.82	2.16 ± 0.86	2.38 ± 0.67	2.38 ± 0.67	2.16 ± 0.92	1.44 ± 1.17	0.94 ± 1.10	0.50 ± 0.86	0.33 ± 0.50e
BTY	0 ± 0	0.66 ± 1.15	1.44 ± 1.50	2.00 ± 0.88	2.77 ± 0.69	3.05 ± 1.00	2.88 ± 1.07	2.00 ± 1.20	1.61 ± 1.25	1.22 ± 1.17	0.83 ± 0.90e
H	0 ± 0	0.66 ± 1.15	1.11 ± 1.16	1.33 ± 1.52	1.88 ± 1.01	2.33 ± 0.67	2.55 ± 0.50	2.88 ± 0.83	2.77 ± 0.69	2.60 ± 0.82	2.00 ± 1.00NS
P	0 ± 0	0.50 ± 0.86	0.88 ± 1.53	1.22 ± 1.57	1.99 ± 0.88	2.22 ± 0.83	2.55 ± 0.50	3.16 ± 1.04	3.33 ± 1.15	2.66 ± 1.44	2.27 ± 1.13NS
T	0 ± 0	0.61 ± 1.05	1.00 ± 1.73	1.66 ± 1.52	2.11 ± 0.83	2.44 ± 0.69	2.60 ± 0.58	2.94 ± 0.82	2.66 ± 0.66	2.16 ± 1.08	1.88 ± 1.17a
TY	0 ± 0	0.55 ± 0.95	1.00 ± 1.73	1.00 ± 1.73	1.99 ± 0.88	2.11 ± 0.84	2.55 ± 0.50	3.22 ± 1.07	3.33 ± 1.15	2.72 ± 1.49	2.33 ± 1.45NS
BBA + H	0 ± 0	0.44 ± 0.76	1.00 ± 1.73	1.88 ± 0.96	1.99 ± 0.88	2.33 ± 0.67	3.22 ± 1.07	3.33 ± 1.15	2.88 ± 1.92	2.72 ± 1.80	1.77 ± 1.34a
BBA + P	0 ± 0	0.66 ± 1.15	1.00 ± 1.73	1.44 ± 1.50	1.99 ± 0.88	2.33 ± 0.88	3.11 ± 1.01	3.22 ± 1.07	3.22 ± 1.07	2.55 ± 1.64	1.88 ± 1.17a
BBA + T	0 ± 0	0.38 ± 0.66	0.88 ± 1.53	1.66 ± 1.20	2.10 ± 0.77	2.44 ± 1.07	2.99 ± 0.87	3.33 ± 1.15	2.99 ± 1.45	2.55 ± 1.71	1.77 ± 1.34b
BBA + TY	0 ± 0	0.55 ± 0.95	0.88 ± 1.53	1.33 ± 1.52	1.88 ± 1.01	2.55 ± 0.50	2.99 ± 0.87	3.22 ± 1.07	3.27 ± 1.10	2.44 ± 1.26	1.88 ± 1.17a

¹Average of six readings; Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s test, statistical significance considered at

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01,

^eP < 0.001 vs disease control. HC: Healthy control; DC: Disease control; BBA: β-boswellic acid; SLZ: Sulfasalazine; BH: Prodrug of BBA with L-histidine; BP: Prodrug of BBA with D-phenylalanine; BT: Prodrug of BBA with L-tryptophan; BTY: Prodrug of BBA with L-tyrosine; H: L-histidine; P: D-phenylalanine; T: L-tryptophan; TY: L-tyrosine; BBA + H: Physical mixture of BBA + L-histidine; BBA + P: Physical mixture of BBA + D-phenylalanine; BBA + T: Physical mixture of BBA + L-tryptophan; BBA + TY: Physical mixture of BBA + L-tyrosine; NS: Non-significant.