To screen or not to screen? Celiac antibodies in liver diseases

Table 2 Case reports² regarding the association of primary biliar cholangitis and celiac disease

Number of patients	Symptoms	Celiac antibodies	Duodenal biopsy	Response to gluten-free diet	Liver biopsy	AMA	Comorbidities	Country, year	Ref.
4	Weight loss, steatorrhea, anemia	No	Typical1	Yes	Yes	(+)	serum-IgA deficiency	Scotland, 1978	Logan et al[58]
1	Weight loss, diarrhea, anorexia	No	Typical1	Yes	Yes	No	-	United Kingdom, 1978	Lee et al[59]
1	Malabsorption	No	Typical1	Poor adherence	Yes	(+)	-	Canada, 1979	Iliffe et al[60]
1	Diarrhea, anemia, short stature		Subtotal villous atrophy	Yes, but PBC was diagnosed afterwards	Yes	(+)	-	Ireland, 1983	Shanahan et al[62]
1	Dermatitis herpetiformis	No	Typical1	Yes	Yes	(+)	Dermatitis herpetiformis	Norway, 1985	Gabrielsen et al[64]
1	Anemia	AGA (-)	Typical1	Yes	Yes	(+)	Renal tubular acidosis, Sjögren Syndrome	Ireland, 1987	Whitehead et al[68]
1	Weight loss, diarrhea	No	Typical1	Yes	Yes	(+)	-	United States, 1992	Ginn et al[69]
1	Weight loss, anemia	No	Typical1	Yes	Yes	(+)	-	Canada, 1994	Freeman[70]
1	Diarrhea	No	Typical1	Yes, but PBC was diagnosed afterwards	Yes	(+)	-	Germany, 1994	Löhr et al[196]
1	Diarrhea, weight loss	AGA (+)	Typical1	No	Yes	(+)	-	Spain, 1994	Gálvez et al[97]
1	Weight loss, steatorrhea	AGA (+)	Typical1	Yes	Yes	(+)	Bacterial overgrowth	United States, 1998	DiBaise et al[71]
		EmA (+)
1	Anemia	EmA (+)	Typical	Yes	Yes	No	-	United States, 2002	Sedlack et al[84]
1	Diarrhea, weight loss	EmA (+)	Typical1	Yes	Yes	(+)	Renal tubular acidosis, Sjögren Syndrome,	Italy, 2004	Fracchia et al[98]
							Graves’ disease
1	Inability to walk, anemia	AGA (-)	Typical1	Yes	Yes	(+)	Osteomalacic Myopathy	Turkey, 2008	Demirag et al[99]
		EmA (-)
1	Bone pain	AGA (+)	Typical1	Yes	Yes	(+)	Fanconi syndrome	Paris, 2008	Terrier et al[100]
		EmA (+)
		tTG (+)
1	Dispepsia	tTG (+)	Typical1	Yes	Yes	(+)	Helicobacter pylori	Italy, 2010	Abenavoli et al[83]
1	Diarrhea, bloating	EmA (+)	Typical1	Yes	Yes	(+)		India, 2013	Lodh et al[101]
		tTG (+)

¹Vilous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate;

²Case reports for which we had access to the full text. ERCP: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; AGA: Anti-gliadin antibody; EmA: Anti-endomysial antibody; tTG: Tissue transglutaminase.