Development and validation of a simple and multifaceted instrument, GERD-TEST, for the clinical evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux and dyspeptic symptoms

Table 6 Comparison of the gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia-therapeutic efficacy and satisfaction test scores between responders and non-responders based on a "residual symptom rate ≤ 50%" definition

	Before Tx						After 4 wk PPI Tx						Δ (0W-4W)
Responder definition by	Responder (n = 153)		Non-responder (n = 41)		Cohen's d	P value	Responder (n = 153)		Non-responder (n = 41)		Cohen's d	P value	Responder (n = 153)		Non-responder (n = 41)		Cohen's d	P value
Residual Sx 50% ≥	mean	SD	mean	SD			mean	SD	mean	SD			mean	SD	mean	SD
Q1. Heartburn	3.79	1.29	3.34	1.09	0.36	0.025	1.45	0.61	3.05	1.07	2.21	< 0.0001	-2.34	1.24	-0.29	0.87	1.76	< 0.0001
Q2. Acid regurgitation	3.31	1.32	2.85	1.37	0.34	0.060	1.37	0.57	2.78	1.24	1.86	< 0.0001	-1.93	1.25	-0.07	1.17	1.51	< 0.0001
GERD-SS	3.55	1.19	3.10	0.99	0.39	0.014	1.41	0.53	2.91	1.08	2.21	< 0.0001	-2.14	1.11	-0.18	0.71	1.89	< 0.0001
Q3. Epigastric pain or burning	3.12	1.42	3.27	1.18	-	0.509	1.51	0.84	2.73	1.10	1.36	< 0.0001	-1.61	1.41	-0.54	1.03	0.81	< 0.0001
Q4. Postprandial fullness	3.05	1.39	3.15	1.15	-	0.636	1.79	0.96	2.61	1.18	0.81	< 0.0001	-1.25	1.32	-0.54	1.16	0.56	0.001
Q5. Early satiation	2.26	1.38	2.28	1.20	-	0.950	1.66	0.85	2.17	1.05	0.57	0.004	-0.60	1.13	-0.10	0.90	0.46	0.003
FD-SS	2.89	1.17	2.98	0.94	-	0.622	1.62	0.74	2.56	0.85	1.24	< 0.0001	-1.27	1.06	-0.42	0.82	0.84	< 0.0001
Q6. Eating	1.95	1.05	2.07	1.15	-	0.550	1.34	0.69	1.68	0.88	0.47	0.023	-0.61	0.88	-0.39	1.02	0.25	0.206
Q7. Sleeping	2.17	1.08	2.05	1.05	-	0.514	1.18	0.49	1.66	0.88	0.80	0.001	-0.99	1.02	-0.39	0.86	0.61	0.000
Q8. Daily activity	1.99	1.03	1.98	0.89	-	0.909	1.24	0.6	1.68	0.82	0.68	0.001	-0.75	1.05	-0.30	0.85	0.45	0.005
Q9. Mood	2.60	1.07	2.46	0.98	-	0.433	1.43	0.74	2.10	0.83	0.88	< 0.0001	-1.17	1.06	-0.37	0.80	0.80	< 0.0001
Dissatisfaction for daily life-SS	2.18	0.83	2.11	0.84	-	0.650	1.30	0.52	1.78	0.69	0.86	< 0.0001	-0.88	0.77	-0.36	0.64	0.71	< 0.0001
	Effect size	Small	Medium	Large
	Cohen's d	0.2 ≤	0.5 ≤	0.8 ≤

GERD-TEST: Gastroesophageal reflux and dyspepsia-therapeutic efficacy and satisfaction test; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.