Implication of the Hedgehog pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Expression of Hedgehog pathway protein markers in hepatocarcinoma tissues

Ref.	SMO	SHH	PTCH	Gli1	Clinical correlation
Sicklick et al[52], 2006	42.90% (3-fold higher than normal tissues)		50% (3- to 4-fold higher than normal tissues)		Tumour size
			21.4% (8- to 9-fold higher than normal tissues)
Huang et al[53], 2006		59% positive tumours	56% positive tumours	72% positive tumours	Tumour size
Che et al[59], 2012	32.61% positive tumours	60.87% positive tumours	50% positive tumours	54.35% positive tumours	Gli1 with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS)
Dugum et al[54], 2016		100% tumoural and surrounding tissue	100% tumoural and surrounding tissue, with higher expression in tumour tissue	100% tumoural and surrounding tissue	Tendency to correlation with HCC recurrence after liver transplantation

SMO: Smoothened; SHH: Sonic hedgehog; PTCH1: Patched-1; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.