Urinary metabolic insights into host-gut microbial interactions in healthy and IBD children

Table 2 Overview of influential metabolites discriminating healthy and inflammatory bowel disease patients

Metabolic pathways	Metabolites	Comparison healthy - IBD subjects at
		Baseline		6 mo		12 mo
		VIP	r	VIP	r	VIP	r
Tca cycle	Methylsuccinic acid	1.3	0.4	1.2	0.2	1.0	0.1
	Fumaric acid	1.2	0.3	1.0	0.3	1.1	0.2
	2-hydroxyglutaric acid	1.4	0.5	1.3	0.4	1.3	0.3
	Isocitric acid	1.4	0.4	1.3	0.3	1.2	0.2
Glutathione metabolism	Cysteine	1.5	0.5	1.2	0.3	1.4	0.4
	Glycine	1.2	0.3	1.3	0.3	1.2	0.3
	Glutamic acid	1.2	0.3	1.3	0.3	1.2	0.3
	Pyroglutamic acid	1.3	0.4	1.3	0.3	1.0	0.1
Neurostransmitter metabolism	Gamma-Aminobutyric acid	1.2	0.3	1.2	0.3	1.0	0.1
	Dopamine	1.6	0.7	1.8	0.6	1.1	0.4
	Homogentisic acid	1.6	0.7	1.8	0.6	1.1	0.4
Bacterial metabolism	3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid	1.3	-0.5	1.2	-0.4	1.1	-0.3
	Hippuric acid	1.0	-0.3	1.2	-0.4	1.6	-0.5
	Indoleacetic acid	1.3	0.4	1.3	0.4	1.0	0.1
	4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid	1.3	0.5	1.1	0.3	1.0	0.2
	Phenyllactic acid	1.1	0.4	0.6	0.2	1.4	0.5
Other	Salicyluric acid	1.2	0.4	0.9	0.2	1.0	0.4
Dicarboxylic acid metabolism	Suberic acid	1.3	0.5	1.5	0.5	1.1	0.3
Bile acids	Beta-UCA	1.5	0.6	1.0	0.4	0.7	0.2
	GUDCA	1.3	0.5	1.5	0.5	1.9	0.7
	THCA	1.0	0.4	0.3	0.1	1.3	0.4
	UDCA	1.4	0.6	1.7	0.6	1.8	0.6
	GHDCA	1.3	-0.5	1.3	-0.5	1.0	-0.3
Amino acid metabolism	Aspartic acid	1.3	0.4	0.8	0.2	1.4	0.4
	Histidine	1.1	0.3	1.1	0.2	0.9	0.1
	Isoleucine	1.5	0.4	1.6	0.4	1.3	0.2
	Methionine	1.5	0.5	1.6	0.5	1.4	0.4
	Phenylalanine	1.3	0.3	1.2	0.2	1.1	0.1
	Proline	1.4	0.5	1.4	0.4	1.2	0.3
	Tryptophan	1.2	0.3	1.2	0.2	1.1	0.2
	Tyrosine	1.1	0.2	1.0	0.1	1.0	0.1
	Valine	1.3	0.3	1.3	0.3	1.1	0.1
	N-acetyltryptophan	1.2	0.3	1.2	0.2	1.1	0.2
	Ornithine	1.4	0.5	1.7	0.5	1.7	0.5
	Aminoadipic acid	1.0	0.0	1.2	0.3	1.1	0.1

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; TCA: Taurocholic acid; bUCA: Beta-ursocholic acid; GUDCA: Glycoursodeoxycholic acid; THCA: Taurohyocholate; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; GHDCA: Glycohyodeoxycholate.