Predictors for difficult cecal insertion in colonoscopy: The impact of obesity indices

Table 2 Cecal insertion time according to study variables, with odd ratios estimated by multivariable logistic regression analysis n (%)

	Cecal insertion time (min)		P value	Multivariate logistic regression analysis	P value
	≤ 10 (n = 1278)	> 10 (n = 400)		OR (95%CI)
Age (yr)			0.125
< 65	1164 (76.7)	354 (23.3)
≥ 65	114 (71.3)	46 (28.7)
Gender			0.001
Male	800 (79.1)	212 (20.9)		Ref	0.047
Female	478 (71.8)	188 (28.2)		1.29 (1.00-1.67)
Obesity indices
BMI (kg/m2)			< 0.001
< 23	457 (72.2)	176 (27.8)a		1.62 (1.16-2.25)	0.004
23-24.9	388 (83.6)	76 (16.4)b		Ref
≥ 25	433 (74.5)	148 (25.5)		1.80 (1.31-2.49)	< 0.001
WHR (n = 1674)			0.060
Normal (≤ 0.9 for men, ≤ 0.8 for women)	257 (72.4)	98 (27.6)
High	1018 (77.2)	301 (22.8)
WC (cm) (n = 1676)			0.316
Normal (≤ 102 cm for men, ≤ 88 cm for women)	1098 (76.6)	335 (23.4)
High	179 (73.7)	64 (26.3)
VAT volume (cm3)			< 0.001
< 500	237 (68.3)	110 (31.7)c		1.50 (1.09-2.07)	0.013
500-1499	906 (78.9)	242 (21.1)		Ref
≥ 1500	135 (73.8)	48 (26.2)		1.27 (0.86-1.88)	0.223
SAT volume (cm3)			0.848
< 1000	107 (78.1)	30 (21.9)
1000-1999	831 (75.9)	264 (24.1)
≥ 2000	340 (76.2)	106 (23.8)
History of abdominal surgery			0.626
No	1077 (76.4)	333 (23.6)
Yes	201 (75.0)	67 (25.0)
Constipation			0.112
No	1148 (76.7)	348 (23.3)
Yes	130 (71.4)	52 (28.6)
Experience			< 0.001
Attending physicians	833 (80.2)	206 (19.8)		Ref
Fellow	445 (69.6)	194 (30.4)		1.73 (1.38-2.19)	< 0.001
Bowel preparation			0.919
Excellent to fair	920 (76.1)	289 (23.9)
Poor to inadequate	358 (76.3)	111 (23.7)
Diverticulosis			0.099
No	1199 (75.7)	384 (24.3)
Yes	79 (83.2)	16 (16.8)

^aP < 0.001 vs BMI 23-24.9 kg/m²,

^bP < 0.001 vs BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²,

^cP < 0.001 vs VAT volume 500-1499 cm³. BMI: Body mass index; WHR: Waist-to-hip circumference ratio; WC: Waist circumference; VAT: Visceral adipose tissue; SAT: Subcutaneous adipose tissue.