Hospital resource intensity and cirrhosis mortality in United States

Table 2 Risk-adjusted effects of patient factors, era, and hospital resources on in-patient cirrhosis mortality

Characteristic	OR	95%CI	P value
Patient covariates
Age	1.00	0.97-1.01	0.592
Female	1.05	0.93-1.06	0.753
Ascites	1.79	0.96-1.15	0.262
Variceal hemorrhage	1.26	1.64-1.95	< 0.001
Hepatic encephalopathy	0.63	1.18-1.34	< 0.001
Portal hypertension	1.16	0.59-0.68	< 0.001
Hepatorenal syndrome	0.20	1.07-1.25	< 0.001
Received liver transplant	0.83	0.15-0.26	< 0.001
HCV positive	1.43	1.33-1.54	< 0.001
Alcoholic liver disease	1.23	1.33-1.54	< 0.001
Paracentesis during admission	0.76	0.71-0.82	0.006
EGD during admission	0.81	0.75-0.88	< 0.001
Co-morbidity burden (APR DRG risk of mortality)
Minor	Reference
Moderate	1.54	1.14-2.07	0.005
Major	6.02	4.55-7.96	< 0.001
Extreme	58.8	44.5-77.8	< 0.001
Era (year of admission)
2005	Reference
2006	0.89	0.79-1.00	0.053
2007	0.79	0.70-0.89	< 0.001
2008	0.75	0.66-0.85	< 0.001
2009	0.68	0.60-0.78	< 0.001
2010	0.51	0.56-0.59	< 0.001
2011	0.49	0.42-0.56	< 0.001
Hospital resources (hospital structural factors)
Hospital cirrhosis volume	1.01	1.00-1.01	0.025
Hospital medicaid days	1.01	1.00-1.01	0.029
Hospital liver transplant program	0.83	0.71-0.98	0.026
Full-time LPN’s	1.02	1.00-1.04	0.015
Full-time MD’s	0.99	0.98-1.00	0.140
Resident FTE’s	1.00	1.00-1.00	0.115
ICU beds	1.00	1.00-1.00	0.446