Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk factors among the general population and osteoarthritis patients

Table 1 Prevalence of gastrointestinal bleeding risk factors

	Overall Population (n = 801926 )	Without Osteoarthritis (n = 708107)	Osteoarthritis Patients (n = 93855)
Comorbid conditions
Peptic ulcer	9.15%	7.85%	19.00%
Diabetes	8.33%	7.04%	18.12%
Chronic liver disease	5.76%	5.28%	9.32%
Chronic renal failure	0.49%	0.44%	0.83%
Gastroesophageal reflux disease	14.30%	12.67%	26.60%
Concomitant drugs1
Aspirin	6.63%	5.41%	15.86%
Clopidogrel	1.78%	1.43%	4.44%
Cilostazol	0.66%	0.51%	1.76%
NSAIDs	5.99%	3.02%	28.42%
Steroid	1.28%	0.93%	3.94%
Anticoagulants2	0.18%	0.16%	0.36%
SSRI	0.44%	0.37%	1.00%
No. of risk factors
≥ 1	35.02%	30.58%	68.50%
≥ 2	13.87%	10.66%	38.04%
≥ 3	4.52%	2.97%	16.25%
No. of risk factors
(Excluding concomitant NSAIDs Use)
≥ 1	33.10%	29.49%	60.40%
≥ 2	11.81%	9.63%	28.26%
≥ 3	3.22%	2.38%	9.60%
No. of risk factors
(After H. pylori prevalence imputation)
≥ 1	64.57%	62.16%	82.76%
≥ 2	23.26%	20.08%	47.19%
≥ 3	8.12%	6.47%	20.60%

¹Subjects who were prescribed 60 d or more in 2013;

²Warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixaban were included. All P values from the χ² test between subjects without osteoarthritis and arthritis patients are below 0.001. NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SSRI: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.