TM6SF2 E167K variant predicts severe liver fibrosis for human immunodeficiency/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients, and severe steatosis only for a non-3 hepatitis C virus genotype

Table 3 Initial characteristics of 167 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and chronic hepatitis C, according to the steatosis score

	Steatosis score 0-2	Steatosis score 3-4	P value
Patients, n	111	56
Age (yr)	40.3 (37.4-44.2)	41.8 (38.4-44.0)	0.3
Males	79 (71.2)	42 (75)	0.6
BMI (kg/m2)	22.8 (21.3-24.5)	23.9 (21.9-25.6)	0.03
Glucose (mg/dL)	85.5 (79.3-94.0)	92.5 (82.0-102.0)	0.004
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.6 (0.4-1.0)	0.8 (0.6-1.1)	0.01
AST (IU/L)	54.0 (38.3-79.0)	92.0 (55.8-142.3)	0.0004
ALT (IU/L)	67.0 (43.0-114.5)	129.0 (78.8-201.5)	0.00006
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	168.0 (141.0-196.5)	147.0 (120.0-174.0)	0.01
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	130.5 (84.0-188.5)	123.0 (87.0-156.0)	0.5
GGT (IU/mL)	70.0 (34.5-142.5)	97.0 (46.5-229.5)	0.04
ALP (IU/mL)	185.0 (138-240.3)	196.0 (147.5-265.0)	0.5
HCV RNA (IU/mL)	5.2e5 (1.5e5-1.4e6)	7.4e5 (2.4e5-1.4e6)	0.7
Nadir of CD4+ cells/mm3	272.0 (166.5-425.8)	257.5 (172.8-360.5)	0.2
HIV RNA copies/mL	7484.0 (2925.3-18994.0)	18918.0 (3991.0-37219.0)	0.1
HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL	61 (54.9)	25 (44.6)
CD4+ cell/ mm3	527.0 (425.3-720.5)	463.0 (373.0-542.8)	0.002
ART, Treated	88 (79.3)	44 (78.6)	0.91
PI/r-NRTI-NNRTI	5 (5.9)	1 (2.4)
PI/r-NRTI	33 (38.8)	13 (30.2)
PI-NRTI	3 (3.5)	4 (9.5)
NRTI-NNRTI	21 (24.7)	11 (26.2)
NRTI	23 (27.1)	13 (30.9)
Therapy missing, n	3	2
Therapy-naïve	23 (41.1)	12 (21.4)
Duration of HAART (yr)	8.2 (6.2-11.5)	7.6 (4.5-10.8)	0.3
Duration of HIV infection (yr)	14.1 (7.8-17.8)	14.2 (8.1-18.1)	0.8
HCV-genotype
1	44 (41.1)	18 (33.3)	0.04
2	5 (4.7)	3 (5.6)
3	38 (35.5)	30 (55.6)
4	20 (18.7)	3 (5.6)
Missing, n	4	2
HAI score	5.4 ± 2.9	6.9 ± 3.0	0.002
Degree of HAI
score 0-8	98 (88.3)	38 (67.8)	0.01
score 9-18	19 (17.1)	18 (32.1)
Fibrosis score	2.1 ± 1.6	2.9 ± 1.6	0.003
Degree of fibrosis
0	12 (10.8)	1 (1.8)	0.001
1	40 (36.0)	10 (17.9)
2	21 (18.9)	14 (25)
3	23 (20.7)	15 (26.3)
4	5 (4.5)	6 (10.7)
5	3 (2.7)	5 (8.9)
6	7 (6.3)	5 (8.9)
TM6SF
p. 167 E/K	10 (0.9)	7 (12.5)	0.48
p. 167 E/E	101 (90.9)	49 (87.5)
PNPLA3
p. 148 I/I	66 (59.4)	22 (39.3)	0.06
p. 148 I/M	38 (38.3)	29 (51.8)
p. 148 M/M	7 (6.3)	5 (8.9)

Data represent as n (%), mean ± SD, or median (IQR). e: Elevated; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; BMI: Body mass index; HAI: Histological activity index; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ glutamyl transferase; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; NRTIs: Nucleoside/nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTIs: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PIs: Protease inhibitors; TM6SF2: Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2; PNPLA3: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene; IQR: Interquartile range.