Pathophysiology of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis: Role of the peritoneum

Table 2 Intra-operative peritoneal lavage: detection method, timing and outcome data

Ref.	Patients, n	Method of detection	Peritoneal lavage fluid	Timing of sampling	Intraperitoneal free cancer cells
Kirstensen et al[73]	237	PCR	200-600 mL 0.9% NaCl	After	8.01%
Nishikawa et al[74]	410	Cytology	200 mL 0.9% NaCl	Before	7.60%
Lloyd et al[75]	125	Immunobead RT-PCR	100 mL 0.9% NaCl	Before	12.80%
				After	29.60%
Bae et al[76]	145	Cytology	100 mL 0.9% NaCl	Before	4.10%
Noura et al[77]	697	Cytology	100 mL 0.9% NaCl	Before	2.20%
Altomare et al[79]	29	Thin-Prep	150 mL 0.9% NaCl	Before	13.80%
				After	2.60%
		RT-PCR	150 mL 0.9% NaCl	Before	37.90%
				After	41.40%
Rossi Del Monte et al[78]	48	Cytology	250 mL 0.9% NaCl	Before	0.00%
		Immunofluorescence	250 mL 0.9% NaCl	Before	17.00%
		qRT-PCR	250 mL 0.9% NaCl	Before	42.00%

PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR: Real-time polymerase chain reaction; qRT-PCR: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.