©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2016; 22(27): 6296-6317
Published online Jul 21, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6296
Published online Jul 21, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6296
Table 1 Commonly studied environmental factors in inflammatory bowel diseases
| Environmental factor |
| Lifestyle |
| Smoking |
| Sleep |
| Stress |
| Diet |
| Breastfeeding |
| Pharmacologic agents |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| Antibiotics |
| Oral contraceptives |
| Vaccination |
| Gut Microbiome |
| Dysbiosis |
| Ecological factors |
| Air Pollution |
| Water Pollution |
| Low Vitamin D |
| Surgery |
| Appendectomy |
- Citation: Abegunde AT, Muhammad BH, Bhatti O, Ali T. Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: Evidence based literature review. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(27): 6296-6317
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v22/i27/6296.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6296