Comprehensive treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in major portal vein

Table 3 Complications and adverse events in different therapy groups n (%)

Complication	Group 1 (n = 307)			Group 2(n = 54)	Group 3(n = 15)	P value
	TACE(n = 274)	TACE-sorafenib (n = 33)	P value
Nausea, vomiting	49 (17.9)	19 (57.6)	< 0.001	12 (22.2)	12 (80.0)	< 0.001
Fever	62 (22.6)	8 (24.2)	0.835	11 (20.4)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Pain	119 (43.4)	7 (21.2)	0.047	24 (44.4)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Alopecia	3 (1.1)	11 (33.3)	< 0.001	3 (5.6)	6 (40.0)	< 0.001
Bleeding of tumor rupture	0 (0.0)	2 (6.0)	< 0.001	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Liver failure	1 (0.4)	25 (75.8)	< 0.001	5 (9.3)	4 (26.7)	< 0.001
Bile leakage	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.999	4 (7.4)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Bleeding of esophageal venous plexus	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.999	2 (3.7)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	0 (0.0)	1 (3.0)	0.004	1 (1.9)	1 (6.7)	< 0.001
Heart failure	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.999	1 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Infection	1 (0.4)	0 (0.0)	0.999	1 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Ectopic embolism syndrome	1 (0.4)	0 (0.0)	0.999	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Refractory ascites	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.999	3 (5.6)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Pulmonary complication	1 (0.4)	1 (3.0)	0.072	7 (13.0)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001
Therapy-related death	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.999	51 (9.3)	0 (0.0)	< 0.001

¹Three patients died of postoperative liver failure, 1 patient was observed in right atrium and died of heart failure, and 1 patient died of badly infection. Group 1: TACE; Group 2: Surgery + postoperative TACE; Group 3: Monotherapy of sorafenib; Group 4: Palliative therapy.