Comprehensive treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in major portal vein

Table 1 Characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma patient with portal vein tumor thrombus invading the main portal vein trunk and inferior vena cava n (%)

	Group 1 (n = 307)			Group 2(n = 54)	Group 3(n = 15)	Group 4(n = 42)	P value
	TACE(n = 274)	TACE-sorafenib(n = 33)	P value
Baseline characteristic
Age, mean ± SD	48.62 ± 12.09	49.51 ± 11.23	0.764	47.40 ± 17.48	49.78 ± 21.26	51.49 ± 23.23	0.668
Sex (M)	233 (85.0)	26 (78.8)	0.350	46 (85.2)	12 (80.0)	36 (85.7)	0.960
Clinical characteristic
Positive for HBsAg	224 (81.8)	29 (87.9)	0.505	46 (85.2)	14 (93.3)	36 (85.7)	0.665
Positive for anti-HCV	16 (5.8)	0 (0.0)	0.234	1 (1.9)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.3)	0.755
PLT (109/L)	198.25 ± 88.17	205.94 ± 102.04	0.146	246.37 ± 71.13	211.74 ± 101.21	297.10 ± 148.07	0.654
TBil (μmol/L)	19.1 (13.08-30.10)	16.70 (11.80-23.00)	0.347	21.1 (11.46-32.37)	17.23 (10.79-35.69)	25.1 (10.78-41.76)	0.065
ALB (g/L)	37.29 ± 5.14	37.74 ± 4.64	0.981	39.31 ± 7.81	36.73 ± 4.27	32.13 ± 8.23	0.851
ALT (U/L)	54.00 (35.00-79.00)	52.00 (35.00-99.00)	0.813	52.00 (32.00-77.00)	56.00 (31.00-72.00)	58.00 (31.00-81.00)	0.135
AST (U/L)	79.00 (49.00-144.00)	80.00 (50.00-157.50)	0.843	65.00 (28.00-101.00)	78.00 (45.00-127.00)	75.00 (21.00-167.00)	0.104
PT (s)	13.75 ± 1.52	13.84 ± 1.934	0.963	12.11 ± 1.41	13.49 ± 1.37	13.79 ± 1.54	0.060
AFP (mg/L)	873 (126-12100)	1210 (123-12100)	0.107	745 (310-12100)	691 (348-12100)	1207 (1001-12100)	0.793
Child-Pugh Score	5 (5-8)	5 (5-8)	0.914	5 (5-8)	6 (5-8)	6 (5-9)	0.255
Ascites	8 (2.9)	0 (0.0)	0.999	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	3 (7.1)	0.201
Pathological characteristic
Tumor size (cm)	6.78 ± 2.96	7.14 ± 3.97	0.101	7.13 ± 2.73	6.97 ± 2.37	7.95 ± 3.34	0.437
Tumor number (≥ 3), n	178 (65.0)	22 (66.7)	0.846	17 (32.4)	9 (60.0)	27 (64.2)	0.982
Cirrhosis, n	223 (81.0)	27 (81.8)	0.952	46 (85.2)	11 (73.3)	36 (88.1)	0.697
Portal vein hypertension, n	76 (27.7)	8 (24.2)	0.671	12 (22.2)	3 (20.0)	14 (33.3)	0.609
Main portal vein trunk, n	211 (77.0)	21 (63.6)	0.091	44 (81.5)	6 (77.0)	17 (77.0)	< 0.001
Inferior vena cava, n	63 (23.0)	12 (36.4)		10 (18.5)	9 (77.0)	25 (77.0)

PVTT: Portal vein tumor thrombus; SD: Standard deviation; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HCV: Hepatitis C virus antibody; PLT: Platelet count; TBil: Total bilirubin; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; PT: Prothrombin time; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; Group 1: TACE; Group 2: Surgery + postoperative TACE; Group 3: Monotherapy of sorafenib; Group 4: Palliative therapy.